scholarly journals Red-light is an environmental effector for mutualism between begomovirus and its vector whitefly

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e1008770
Author(s):  
Pingzhi Zhao ◽  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Yuqing Gong ◽  
Duan Wang ◽  
Dongqing Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defenses ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Terpene Synthase ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Jasmonate Signaling ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship ◽  
And Performance

Environments such as light condition influence the spread of infectious diseases by affecting insect vector behavior. However, whether and how light affects the host defense which further affects insect preference and performance, remains unclear, nor has been demonstrated how pathogens co-adapt light condition to facilitate vector transmission. We previously showed that begomoviral βC1 inhibits MYC2-mediated jasmonate signaling to establish plant-dependent mutualism with its insect vector. Here we show red-light as an environmental catalyzer to promote mutualism of whitefly-begomovirus by stabilizing βC1, which interacts with PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) transcription factors. PIFs positively control plant defenses against whitefly by directly binding to the promoter of terpene synthase genes and promoting their transcription. Moreover, PIFs interact with MYC2 to integrate light and jasmonate signaling and regulate the transcription of terpene synthase genes. However, begomovirus encoded βC1 inhibits PIFs’ and MYC2’ transcriptional activity via disturbing their dimerization, thereby impairing plant defenses against whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses. Our results thus describe how a viral pathogen hijacks host external and internal signaling to enhance the mutualistic relationship with its insect vector.

scholarly journals Red-light is an environmental effector for mutualism between begomovirus and its vector whitefly

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingzhi Zhao ◽  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Yuqing Gong ◽  
Dongqing Xu ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Plant Defenses ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Terpene Synthase ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Jasmonate Signaling

AbstractEnvironments such as light condition influence the spread of infectious diseases by affecting insect vector behavior. However, whether and how light affects the host defense which further affect insect preference and performance, remains unclear, nor has been demonstrated how pathogens co-adapt light condition to facilitate vector transmission. We previously showed that begomoviral βC1 inhibits MYC2-mediated jasmonate signaling to establish plant-dependent mutualism with its insect vector. Here we show red-light as an environmental catalyzer to promote mutualism of whitefly-begomovirus by stabilizing βC1, which interacts with PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs) transcription factors. PIFs positively control plant defenses against whitefly by directly binding to the promoter of terpene synthase genes and promoting their transcription. Moreover, PIFs integrates light and jasmonate signaling by interaction with MYC2, and co-regulation the transcription of terpene synthase genes. However, begomovirus encoded βC1 inhibit PIFs’ and MYC2’ transcriptional activity via disturbing their dimerization, thereby impairing plant defenses against whitefly-transmitted begomoviruses. Our results thus describe how a viral pathogen hijacks host light signaling to enhance the mutualistic relationship with its insect vector.Author summaryClimate change is driving disease rapidly spread, esp. for global distribution of insect-borne diseases. This paper reports red-light as an environmental factor to promote insect vector olfactory orientation behavior and increase viral disease transmission. Plant virus adapts the supplemental red lighting practice in modern agricultural greenhouse production under protection, therefore enhancing disease spreading globally.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Performance of Hybrid Hydrogels Loaded with Methylene Blue and Its Use for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Oksana Nadtoka ◽  
Pavlo Virych ◽  
Serhiy Nadtoka ◽  
Nataliya Kutsevol
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Hybrid Hydrogel ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Hybrid Hydrogels ◽  
Dye Sorption ◽  
And Performance

Development and characterization of hybrid hydrogels loaded with methylene blue, which are designed to apply for photodynamic therapy, are presented. Hybrid hydrogels were synthesized by grafting polyacrylamide onto dextran/dextran sulfate sodium salt using N, N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide as a cross-linker. The differences in microstructure of synthesized hydrogels were proved by scanning electron microscopy. FTIR spectra testify that the chemical nature of hydrogel components affects the hydrogel hydrophilicity. The swelling properties of hydrogels in water and absorption/desorption hydrogels’ ability towards methylene blue were studied. It was shown that dye sorption was dependent on the hydrogel type. The hydrogel based on dextran and polyacrylamide revealed the highest ability to release absorbed dye. The bactericidal effect of this hydrogel loaded with methylene blue and activated by red light in suspension and solid medium of S. aureus was tested. The increase of bactericidal activity of hybrid hydrogel was dependent on radiation doses.

Effects of different monochromatic LED light colours on fear reactions and physiological responses in Mulard ducks

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radi A. Mohamed ◽  
Usama A. Abou-Ismail ◽  
Mustafa Shukry
Keyword(s):  
Tonic Immobility ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Monochromatic Light ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
And Performance

Although the effects of monochromatic light on behaviour and performance of birds have been extensively studied, it is not known how rearing Mulard ducks in different monochromatic lights affects their fear reactions, physiological responses to stress and welfare. A total of 108 newly hatched Mulard ducks, representing three replicates, were housed in either blue light (BL), green light (GL), red light (RL) or white light (WL) for 12 weeks. Ducks were exposed to a light/dark schedule of 23 L/1 D, and food and water were provided ad libitum. At the beginning of the 13th week of the rearing period, behavioural measurements of fear were assessed by using a tonic immobility test, open field test and fear of man test. Physiological responses of the birds to stress such as heterophil : lymphocyte ratio, total leukocyte count and plasma concentrations of corticosterone were also assessed. Results demonstrated that birds exposed to both RL and WL displayed higher levels of behavioural indicators of fear including tonic immobility durations (P < 0.01), latency to first immobilisation (P < 0.001) and avoidance of man index (P < 0.001), and higher levels of physiological indicators of stress such as heterophil : lymphocyte ratios (P < 0.001) and plasmas concentrations of corticosterone (P < 0.001), and lower total leukocytic counts (P < 0.01) compared with birds exposed to either BL or GL. Rearing Mulard ducks in BL or GL appeared to reduce their fear reactions and physiological responses to stress and to enhance their ability to cope with the environment and may therefore improve their welfare.

Control of Time-Delay Systems Using Robust Fractional-Order Control and Robust Smith Predictor Based Control

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Lanusse ◽  
Alain Oustaloup
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Smith Predictor ◽  
Delay Systems ◽  
Time Delay Systems ◽  
Robust Controller ◽  
Fractional Order Control ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Tradeoff

Many modifications have been proposed to improve the Smith predictor structure used to control plant with time-delay. Some of them have been proposed to enhance the robustness of Smith predictor based controllers. They are often based on the use of deliberately mismatched model of the plant and then the IMC method can be used to tune the controller. This paper compares the performance of two Smith predictor based controllers including a mismatched model to the performance provided by a fractional order Crone controller which is well known for managing well the robustness and performance tradeoff. It is shown that even if it can simplify the design of (robust) controller, the use of an improved Smith predictor is not necessary to obtain good performance.

scholarly journals A Multifaceted Action of Phytochrome B in Plant Environmental Adaptation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Young Kim ◽  
June-Hee Lee ◽  
Chung-Mo Park
Keyword(s):  
Red Light ◽  
Environmental Adaptation ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Adaptive Behaviors ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Light Responses ◽  
And Performance

Light acts as a vital external cue that conveys surrounding information into plant growth and performance to facilitate plants to coordinate with changing environmental conditions. Upon exposure to light illumination, plants trigger a burst of molecular and physiological signaling cascades that induces not only photomorphogenic responses but also diverse adaptive behaviors. Notably, light responses and photomorphogenic traits are often associated with plant responses to other environmental cues, such as heat, cold, drought, and herbivore and pathogen attack. Growing evidence in recent years demonstrate that the red/far-red light-absorbing phytochrome (phy) photoreceptors, in particular phyB, play an essential role in plant adaptation responses to abiotic and biotic tensions by serving as a key mediator of information flow. It is also remarkable that phyB mediates the plant priming responses to numerous environmental challenges. In this minireview, we highlight recent advances on the multifaceted role of phyB during plant environmental adaptation. We also discuss the biological relevance and efficiency of the phy-mediated adaptive behaviors in potentially reducing fitness costs under unfavorable environments.

scholarly journals Germination responses of seeds of Desmodium triflorum

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niroj Paudel ◽  
Prakash Deep Rai
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
White Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Dark Condition ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Negative Effect

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Germination of <em>Desmodium triflorum</em> is used for the scarification using the acid is valuable for the different light condition.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The sample was collected as four month of interval of time and the seed is treated with acids with different time.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> seeds scarified with sulfuric acids for 10 min before sowing had better germination than those scarified for 5 and 15 min. Among them light qualities, red and white light had slightly promoted effect whereas blue light and dark condition had slightly negative effect on seed germination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In comparison to blue light and dark condition, red light and white light were promoted to percentage germination indicating the role of phytochrome in seed germination of <em>Desmodium triflorum</em>. </p>

Lighting in Submarines

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
D. C. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Red Light ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Control Room ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Control Rooms ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Night Illumination ◽  
Second World

AbstractSince the Second World War, the standard night-time illumination in RN submarine control rooms and adjacent spaces has been red lighting, because of its perceived advantage in dark adaption. Red light is, however, unpopular and has been shown to be detrimental to the performance of other control room tasks. In recent years evidence has emerged from the United States and other Navies that the advantage of red lighting over white lighting in terms of dark adaptation is insignificant at very low intensities. In this paper the research literature is reviewed and the findings related to current lighting practice in RN submarines. At the low levels of control room night illumination, there is minimal practical difference in the time taken for the periscope operator to dark adapt between red and white lighting. In view of the benefits to morale and performance offered by low level white lighting, it should replace red lighting for night use in submarine control rooms.

Double Blind Randomised Clinical Trial of Bright Light Therapy in Elderly Subjects with Nonseaonal Major Depressive Disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
R. Lieverse ◽  
M. Nielen ◽  
B. Uitdehaag ◽  
E. van Someren ◽  
J. Smit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Bright Light Therapy ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Double Blind

Background:The cause of depression is largely unknown, but several studies point to disturbances of biological rhythmicity. The functioning of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is impaired, as evidenced by an increased prevalence of day-night rhythm perturbations, such as sleeping disorders. Moreover, the inhibitory SCN neurons on the hypothalamus-pituitary adrenocortical axis (HPA-axis) have decreased activity and HPA-activity is enhanced, when compared to non-depressed elderly. Using bright light therapy (BLT) the SCN can be stimulated. In addition, the beneficial effects of BLT on seasonal depression are well accepted. BLT is a potentially safe, nonexpensive and well accepted treatment option. But the current literature on BLT for depression is inconclusive.Methods/design:RCT (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00332670) in 89 subjects, of 60 years and older with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder. After inclusion subjects were randomly allocated to the active (BLT) vs. placebo (dim red light) condition. just before the start of light therapy, after completion of three weeks therapy period, and three weeks thereafter several endocrinological, psychophysiological, psychometrically, neuropsychological measures are performed:Results:Main effect analyses on HADRS-17 scores revealed significant antidepressant effects from BLT. Primary results will be presented.Discussion:BLT reduces nonseasonal depression in elderly patients. Additional lightning may easily be implemented in the homes of patients to serve as add-on treatment to antidepressants or as a stand-alone treatment in elderly depressed patients. Our data support the role of a dysfunctional biological clock in depressed elderly subjects, such a finding may guide further development of novel chronobiological oriented treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Sustained effects of prior red light on pupil diameter and vigilance during subsequent darkness

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1883) ◽  
pp. 20180989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wisse P. van der Meijden ◽  
Bart H. W. te Lindert ◽  
Jennifer R. Ramautar ◽  
Yishul Wei ◽  
Joris E. Coppens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Environmental Light ◽  
Sustained Effects ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Wavelength Light

Environmental light can exert potent effects on physiology and behaviour, including pupil size, vigilance and sleep. Previous work showed that these non-image forming effects can last long beyond discontinuation of short -wavelength light exposure. The possible functional effects after switching off long -wavelength light, however, have been insufficiently characterized. In a series of controlled experiments in healthy adult volunteers, we evaluated the effects of five minutes of intense red light on physiology and performance during subsequent darkness. As compared to prior darkness, prior red light induced a subsequent sustained pupil dilation. Prior red light also increased subsequent heart rate and heart rate variability when subjects were asked to perform a sustained vigilance task during the dark exposure. While these changes suggest an increase in the mental effort required for the task, it could not prevent a post-red slowing of response speed. The suggestion that exposure to intense red light affects vigilance during subsequent darkness, was confirmed in a controlled polysomnographic study that indeed showed a post-red facilitation of sleep onset. Our findings suggest the possibility of using red light as a nightcap.

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