scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of A/H3N2 and A/H1N1 Influenza Virus during a Single Epidemic Season in the United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. e1000133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha I. Nelson ◽  
Laurel Edelman ◽  
David J. Spiro ◽  
Alex R. Boyne ◽  
Jayati Bera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
The United States ◽  
H1n1 Influenza Virus ◽  
Epidemic Season

scholarly journals Genetic and Pathobiologic Characterization of Pandemic H1N1 2009 Influenza Viruses from a Naturally Infected Swine Herd

2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 2245-2256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana M. Weingartl ◽  
Yohannes Berhane ◽  
Tamiko Hisanaga ◽  
James Neufeld ◽  
Helen Kehler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Viral Evolution ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 ◽  
H1n1 Influenza Virus ◽  
Live Virus

ABSTRACT Since its initial identification in Mexico and the United States, concerns have been raised that the novel H1N1 influenza virus might cause a pandemic of severity comparable to that of the 1918 pandemic. In late April 2009, viruses phylogenetically related to pandemic H1N1 influenza virus were isolated from an outbreak on a Canadian pig farm. This outbreak also had epidemiological links to a suspected human case. Experimental infections carried out in pigs using one of the swine isolates from this outbreak and the human isolate A/Mexico/InDRE4487/2009 showed differences in virus recovery from the lower respiratory tract. Virus was consistently isolated from the lungs of pigs infected with A/Mexico/InDRE4487/2009, while only one pig infected with A/swine/Alberta/OTH-33-8/2008 yielded live virus from the lung, despite comparable amounts of viral RNA and antigen in both groups of pigs. Clinical disease resembled other influenza virus infections in swine, albeit with somewhat prolonged virus antigen detection and delayed viral-RNA clearance from the lungs. There was also a noteworthy amount of genotypic variability among the viruses isolated from the pigs on the farm. This, along with the somewhat irregular pathobiological characteristics observed in experimentally infected animals, suggests that although the virus may be of swine origin, significant viral evolution may still be ongoing.

Abstract 15390: Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized With Influenza-related Myocarditis in the United States: A Nationwide Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwajachukwumma A Uzomah ◽  
Pegah Khaloo ◽  
Ayman Shaqdan ◽  
Pablo A Ledesma ◽  
Jennifer Galvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Acute Myocarditis ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
The United States ◽  
H1n1 Influenza Virus ◽  
Electrolyte Disorders ◽  
The Us ◽  
2009 H1n1

Introduction: Acute myocarditis is a serious complication of influenza. While current reports suggest that subclinical cardiac involvement may be transient, myocarditis has been implicated in up to a third of sudden deaths in patients with influenza. Methods: Patients hospitalized with influenza in the US between 2003 and 2017 were identified using the Nationwide Inpatients Sample. They were subsequently classified to specify those with and without a diagnosis of myocarditis and specific outcomes of interest were compared between these subgroups. Results: : Between 2003 and 2017, 1,187,615 patients were hospitalized with influenza in the US. Of these, 2,430 patients (0.2%) were diagnosed with myocarditis while 1,185,185 patients (99.8%) did not have myocarditis. Patient characteristics and outcomes are shown in the table below. Independent predictors of myocarditis were: age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]:0.98; 95% CI:0.98-0.99), male sex (aOR:1.21 ; 95% CI:1.01-1.46), Elixhauser score ≥3 (aOR:1.34; 95% CI:1.07-1.7), coagulopathy (aOR:1.67; 95% CI:1.29-2.17), valvular disease (aOR:1.5; 95% CI:1.07-2.1), abnormal weight loss (aOR:1.7; 95% CI:1.23-2.35), and a diagnosis of the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus (aOR:4.79; 95% CI:1.51-15.24). Independent predictors of death in patients hospitalized with influenza myocarditis were: age (aOR:1.04; 95% CI:1.01-1.06), stroke (aOR:11.16; 95% CI:1.57-79.49), shock (aOR:61.1; 95% CI:11.88-314.3), renal failure (aOR:3.56; 95% CI:1.2 -10.55), coagulopathy (aOR:2.62; 95% CI:1.04-6.6), and electrolyte disorders (aOR:3.19; 95% CI:1.07-9.47). Conclusions: Patients with influenza who develop myocarditis are younger than those without myocarditis and have more interventions, longer LOS and worse outcomes including a four-fold higher risk of cardiac arrest and a two-fold higher mortality rate. The strongest independent predictor of developing myocarditis was having the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus infection.

Molecular Epidemiology of Adenovirus Type 7 in the United States, 1966-2000

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean D. Erdman ◽  
Wanhong Xu ◽  
Susan I. Gerber ◽  
Gregory C. Gray ◽  
David Schnurr
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Sequential Seasonal H1N1 Influenza Virus Infections Protect Ferrets against Novel 2009 H1N1 Influenza Virus

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 1400-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Carter ◽  
Chalise E. Bloom ◽  
Eduardo J. M. Nascimento ◽  
Ernesto T. A. Marques ◽  
Jodi K. Craigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
H1n1 Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
2009 H1n1 ◽  
Novel H1n1 Influenza

ABSTRACTIndividuals <60 years of age had the lowest incidence of infection, with ∼25% of these people having preexisting, cross-reactive antibodies to novel 2009 H1N1 influenza. Many people >60 years old also had preexisting antibodies to novel H1N1. These observations are puzzling because the seasonal H1N1 viruses circulating during the last 60 years were not antigenically similar to novel H1N1. We therefore hypothesized that a sequence of exposures to antigenically different seasonal H1N1 viruses can elicit an antibody response that protects against novel 2009 H1N1. Ferrets were preinfected with seasonal H1N1 viruses and assessed for cross-reactive antibodies to novel H1N1. Serum from infected ferrets was assayed for cross-reactivity to both seasonal and novel 2009 H1N1 strains. These results were compared to those of ferrets that were sequentially infected with H1N1 viruses isolated prior to 1957 or more-recently isolated viruses. Following seroconversion, ferrets were challenged with novel H1N1 influenza virus and assessed for viral titers in the nasal wash, morbidity, and mortality. There was no hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) cross-reactivity in ferrets infected with any single seasonal H1N1 influenza viruses, with limited protection to challenge. However, sequential H1N1 influenza infections reduced the incidence of disease and elicited cross-reactive antibodies to novel H1N1 isolates. The amount and duration of virus shedding and the frequency of transmission following novel H1N1 challenge were reduced. Exposure to multiple seasonal H1N1 influenza viruses, and not to any single H1N1 influenza virus, elicits a breadth of antibodies that neutralize novel H1N1 even though the host was never exposed to the novel H1N1 influenza viruses.

scholarly journals The Severity of Pandemic H1N1 Influenza in the United States, from April to July 2009: A Bayesian Analysis

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. e1000207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Presanis ◽  
Daniela De Angelis ◽  
Angela Hagy ◽  
Carrie Reed ◽  
Steven Riley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 Influenza

scholarly journals Individual Antibody and T Cell Responses to Vaccination and Infection with the 2009 Pandemic Swine-Origin H1N1 Influenza Virus

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 900-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian M. Air ◽  
JingQi Feng ◽  
Tao Chen ◽  
Michelle L. Joachims ◽  
Judith A. James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
H1n1 Influenza Virus ◽  
Cell Responses
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