scholarly journals The microeconomics of abortion: A scoping review and analysis of the economic consequences for abortion care-seekers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252005
Author(s):  
Ernestina Coast ◽  
Samantha R. Lattof ◽  
Yana van der Meulen Rodgers ◽  
Brittany Moore ◽  
Cheri Poss
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Abortion Care ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Micro Level

Background The economic consequences of abortion care and abortion policies for individuals occur directly and indirectly. We lack synthesis of the economic costs, impacts, benefit or value of abortion care at the micro-level (i.e., individuals and households). This scoping review examines the microeconomic costs, benefits and consequences of abortion care and policies. Methods and findings Searches were conducted in eight electronic databases and applied inclusion/exclusion criteria using the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews. For inclusion, studies must have examined at least one of the following outcomes: costs, impacts, benefits, and value of abortion care or abortion policies. Quantitative and qualitative data were extracted for descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Of the 230 included microeconomic studies, costs are the most frequently reported microeconomic outcome (n = 180), followed by impacts (n = 84), benefits (n = 39), and values (n = 26). Individual-level costs of abortion-related care have implications for the timing and type of care sought, globally. In contexts requiring multiple referrals or follow-up visits, these costs are multiplied. The ways in which people pay for abortion-related costs are diverse. The intersection between micro-level costs and delay(s) to abortion-related care is substantial. Individuals forego other costs and expenditures, or are pushed further into debt and/or poverty, in order to fund abortion-related care. The evidence base on the economic impacts of policy or law change is from high-income countries, dominated by studies from the United States. Conclusions Delays underpinned by economic factors can thwart care-seeking, affect the type of care sought, and impact the gestational age at which care is sought or reached. The evidence base includes little evidence on the micro-level costs for adolescents. Specific sub-groups of abortion care-seekers (transgendered and/or disabled people) are absent from the evidence and it is likely that they may experience higher direct and indirect costs because they may experience greater barriers to abortion care.

scholarly journals History and scientific background on the economics of abortion

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257360
Author(s):  
Brittany Moore ◽  
Yana van der Meulen Rodgers ◽  
Ernestina Coast ◽  
Samantha R. Lattof ◽  
Cheri Poss
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Safe Abortion ◽  
World Region ◽  
Abortion Care ◽  
Scientific Background ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Background Approximately one quarter of all pregnancies globally end in abortion, making it one of the most common gynecological practices worldwide. Despite the high incidence of abortion around the globe, the synthesis of known economic outcomes of abortion care and policies is lacking. Using data from a systematic scoping review, we synthesized the literature on the economics of abortion at the microeconomic, mesoeconomic, and mesoeconomic levels and presented the results in a collection of studies. This article describes the history and scientific background for collection, presents the scoping review framework, and discusses the value of this knowledge base. Methods and findings We conducted a scoping review using the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews. Studies reporting on qualitative and/or quantitative data from any world region were considered. For inclusion, studies must have examined one of the following outcomes: costs, impacts, benefits, and/or value of abortion-related care or policies. Our searches yielded 19,653 unique items, of which 365 items were included in our final inventory. Studies most often reported costs (n = 262), followed by impacts (n = 140), benefits (n = 58), and values (n = 40). Approximately one quarter (89/365) of studies contained information on the secondary outcome on stigma. Economic factors can lead to a delay in abortion care-seeking and can restrict health systems from adequately meeting the demand for abortion services. Provision of post-abortion care (PAC) services requires more resources then safe abortion services. Lack of insurance or public funding for abortion services can increase the cost of services and the overall economic impact on individuals both seeking and providing care. Conclusions Consistent economic themes emerge from research on abortion, though evidence gaps remain that need to be addressed through more standardized methods and consideration to framing of abortion issues in economics terms. Given the highly charged political nature of abortion around the world, it is imperative that researchers continue to build the evidence base on economic outcomes of abortion services and regulations.

scholarly journals Health Inequalities in Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review of the Mediating and Moderating Effects of Family Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7739
Author(s):  
Miriam Blume ◽  
Petra Rattay ◽  
Stephanie Hoffmann ◽  
Jacob Spallek ◽  
Lydia Sander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Scoping Reviews

This scoping review systematically mapped evidence of the mediating and moderating effects of family characteristics on health inequalities in school-aged children and adolescents (6–18 years) in countries with developed economies in Europe and North America. We conducted a systematic scoping review following the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews recommendations. We searched the PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus databases. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts. Evidence was synthesized narratively. Of the 12,403 records initially identified, 50 articles were included in the synthesis. The included studies were conducted in the United States (n = 27), Europe (n = 18), Canada (n = 3), or in multiple countries combined (n = 2). We found that mental health was the most frequently assessed health outcome. The included studies reported that different family characteristics mediated or moderated health inequalities. Parental mental health, parenting practices, and parent-child-relationships were most frequently examined, and were found to be important mediating or moderating factors. In addition, family conflict and distress were relevant family characteristics. Future research should integrate additional health outcomes besides mental health, and attempt to integrate the complexity of families. The family characteristics identified in this review represent potential starting points for reducing health inequalities in childhood and adolescence.

scholarly journals Mapping evidence on the distribution of the costs associated with cancer of prostate, cervix, and female breast in the sub-Saharan Africa: protocol for a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cebisile Ngcamphalala ◽  
Ellinor Ostensson ◽  
Mbuzeleni Hlongwa ◽  
Themba G. Ginindza
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Female Breast ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Despite the well-documented information on cancer prevention and management, among noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), globally, cancer continues to be the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality with devastating economic consequences. The burden is disproportionately more among developing countries and the extent of evidence available on the economic consequences (direct and indirect costs) of cancer remains unknown in low-income countries particularly in the sub-Saharan region. Understanding the costs of illness is important to inform decision-making on setting up health care policies and informing economic evaluation of interventions. This study aims to map evidence on the distribution of the economic burden (direct and indirect costs) associated with prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of three predominant cancers: prostate, cervix, and female breast in the sub-Saharan Africa. Methods This scoping review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), and will be conducted following Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. We will search PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINHAL (via EBSCOhost platform), Science Direct, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Africa-Wide Information, Google Scholar, and WHO Library. We will perform hand-searching of the reference lists of included studies and other relevant documents. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. We will include primary studies from all study designs reporting costs associated with prevention, diagnosis and treatment of prostate, cervical, and breast cancers in the sub-Saharan region. Data analysis will involve quantitative (e.g., frequencies) and qualitative (e.g., thematic analysis) methods. A narrative summary of findings will be presented. Discussion This review will map the extent of information available on the economic burden (direct and indirect costs) of prostate, cervical, and breast cancers in the sub-Saharan region. Further guidance for future research in the subject area will be discussed. Systematic review registration Open Science Framework

scholarly journals Priority domains, aims, and testable hypotheses for implementation research: A scoping review and evidence map protocol

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan R Garner ◽  
Sheila Patel ◽  
M. Alexis Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Science ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Implementation Research ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Scientific Theories ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Evidence Map ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Abstract Background: The challenge of implementing evidence-based innovations within practice settings is a significant public health issue the field of implementation research (IR) is focused on addressing. Significant amounts of funding, time, and effort have been invested in IR to date, yet there remains significant room for advancement, especially regarding IR’s development of scientific theories as defined by the National Academy of Sciences (i.e., a comprehensive explanation of the relationship between variables that is supported by a vast body of evidence). Research priority setting (i.e., promoting consensus about areas where research effort will have wide benefits to society) is a key approach to helping accelerate research advancements. Thus, building upon existing IR, general principles of data reduction, and a general framework for moderated mediation, this article identifies priority domains, aims, and testable hypotheses for IR and describes a scoping review protocol to identify and map the extent to which IR has examined these priorities to date.Methods: Implementation Science is the leading journal for publishing IR and receives over 800 submissions annually. Thus, this scoping review will focus on IR published in Implementation Science between its inception in 2006 and 12/31/2019. The current scoping review and evidence map protocol has been developed in accordance with the approach developed by Arksey & O’Malley and advanced by Levac, Colquhoun, and O’Brien. All research articles and short reports will be reviewed. Because scoping reviews seek to provide an overview of the identified evidence base rather than synthesize findings from across studies, we plan to use our data-charting form to provide a descriptive overview of implementation research to-date and summarize the research via one or more summary tables. We will use the priority aims and testable hypotheses (PATH) diagram, which integrates the four priority domains, three priority aims, and four priority testable hypotheses, to develop a map of the evidence (or lack thereof).Discussion: This scoping review and evidence map is intended to help accelerate IR focused on one or more of IR’s priority aims and testable hypotheses, which in turn will accelerate IR’s development of NAS-defined scientific theories and, subsequently, improvements in public health.Systematic review registration: Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/3vhuj/

scholarly journals Making change last? Exploring the value of sustainability approaches in healthcare: a scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lennox ◽  
A. Linwood-Amor ◽  
L. Maher ◽  
J. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Community Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Future Assessment ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Appraisal Tool

Abstract Background Numerous models, tools and frameworks have been produced to improve the sustainability of evidence-based interventions. Due to the vast number available, choosing the most appropriate one is increasingly difficult for researchers and practitioners. To understand the value of such approaches, evidence warranting their use is needed. However, there is limited understanding of how sustainability approaches have been used and how they have impacted research or practice. This review aims to consolidate evidence on the application and impact of sustainability approaches in healthcare settings. Methods A systematic scoping review was designed to search for peer-reviewed publications detailing the use of sustainability approaches in practice. A 5-stage framework for scoping reviews directed the search strategy, and quality assessment was performed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool. Searches were performed through electronic citation tracking and snowballing of references. Articles were obtained through Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar. Six outcome variables for sustainability were explored to ascertain impact of approaches. Results This review includes 68 articles demonstrating the application of sustainability approaches in practice. Results show an increase in the use of sustainability approaches in peer-reviewed studies. Approaches have been applied across a range of healthcare settings, including primary, secondary, tertiary and community healthcare. Approaches are used for five main purposes, namely analysis, evaluation, guidance, assessment and planning. Results outline benefits (e.g. improved conceptualisation of sustainability constructs and improved ability to interpret sustainability data) and challenges (e.g. issues with approach constructs and difficulty in application) associated with using a sustainability approach in practice. Few articles (14/68) reported the sustainability outcome variables explored; therefore, the impact of approaches on sustainability remains unclear. Additional sustainability outcome variables reported in retrieved articles are discussed. Conclusions This review provides practitioners and researchers with a consolidated evidence base on sustainability approaches. Findings highlight the remaining gaps in the literature and emphasise the need for improved rigour and reporting of sustainability approaches in research studies. To guide future assessment and study of sustainability in healthcare settings an updated list of sustainability outcome variables is proposed. Trial Registration This review was registered on the PROSPERO database CRD 42016040081 in June 2016.

scholarly journals Economics of abortion: a scoping review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e029939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernestina Coast ◽  
Samantha R Lattof ◽  
Yana van der Meulen Rodgers ◽  
Brittany Moore
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Safe Abortion ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Abortion Care ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Analytical Approaches

IntroductionAbortion is a common feature of people’s reproductive lives. However, the economic implications of abortion and policies affecting abortion provision are poorly understood. This scoping review aims to systematically review social science literature for studies that have investigated the impact of abortion care (ie, un/safe abortion, post-abortion care) or abortion policies on economic outcomes at the micro-levels (ie, abortion seekers and their households), meso-levels (ie, communities and health systems) and macro-levels (ie, societies and nation states). Informed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline for protocols, this protocol details the scoping review’s methodological and analytical approaches.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will utilise the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) tool. Studies reporting on qualitative and/or quantitative data from any world region will be considered. For inclusion, studies must examine one of the following economic outcomes at the micro-levels, meso-levels and/or macro-levels: costs, benefits, impacts and/or value of abortion care or abortion policies. Searches will be conducted in eight electronic databases. We will conduct the searches and application of inclusion/exclusion criteria according to the PRISMA-ScR flow approach. No assessments of items’ quality will be made, as the purpose of this scoping review is to synthesise and describe the coverage of the evidence. After extracting all data, we will inductively develop an economic framework around the economics of abortion. The analysis will synthesise the evidence base and identify knowledge gaps on the costs and benefits of abortion to stakeholders at various levels.Ethics and disseminationFormal ethical approval is not required, as primary data will not be collected in this study. The findings of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations, and condensed summaries for key stakeholders and partners in the field.

Traumatic Brain Injury in Young Children: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
pp. 125-142
Author(s):  
Jessica Salley ◽  
Libby Crook ◽  
Angela Ciccia ◽  
Juliet Haarbauer-Krupa ◽  
Jennifer P. Lundine
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Rigorous Research ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractTo review the evidence available on early childhood (i.e., 0–5 years 11 months) traumatic brain injury (TBI) and identify clinical implications and future directions for speech-language pathology (SLP) practice and research, a scoping review of the literature was conducted following the 2018 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRSIMA-ScR) guidelines. A total of 44 peer-reviewed articles were included for review. Included studies were assigned one or more of the following thematic labels related to early childhood TBI: etiology, assessment, treatment, outcomes, contributing factors. Most of the studies were nonexperimental studies and addressed outcomes following early childhood TBI. We conclude, based on this scoping review, that children who experience a TBI before 6 years of age are at risk for persistent long-term difficulties in academic and social functioning. SLPs are among the group of clinicians most appropriate to assess and treat these children; yet, the evidence for assessment, treatment, and identification of factors contributing to the recovery of young children with TBI is particularly lacking. Rigorous research is needed to improve the evidence base for SLPs.

scholarly journals Exploring the prevalence of gaming disorder and internet gaming disorder: a rapid scoping review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazia Darvesh ◽  
Amruta Radhakrishnan ◽  
Chantelle C Lachance ◽  
Vera Nincic ◽  
Jane P Sharpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Internet Gaming ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Abstract Background : Internet gaming disorder (IGD) was included in the DSM-5 in 2013 as a condition requiring further research, and gaming disorder (GD) was included in the ICD-11 in 2018. Given the importance of including these conditions in diagnostic guidelines, a review was conducted to describe their prevalence. Methods : Using guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), we conducted a rapid scoping review. MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane library were searched for literature published from inception to July 2018. All review stages were pilot tested to calibrate reviewers. The titles/abstracts and full-text articles were screened by one reviewer to include quantitative primary studies that reported GD or IGD prevalence. Excluded citations were screened by a second reviewer to confirm exclusion. Charting was conducted by one reviewer and verified by another, to capture relevant data. Results were summarized descriptively in tables or text. Results : We assessed 5550 potentially relevant citations. No studies on GD were identified. We found 160 studies of various designs that used 35 different methods to diagnose IGD. Prevalence of IGD ranged from 0.21-57.50% in general populations, 3.20-91.00% in clinical populations, and 50.42-79.25% in populations undergoing intervention (severe cases). Most studies were conducted in the Republic of Korea (n=45), China (n=29), and the United States of America (n=20). Results are presented for severe IGD and by geographic region, gender/sex, and age groups (child, adolescent, adult). The five most frequently reported health-related variables were depression (67 times), internet addiction (54 times), anxiety (48 times), impulsiveness (37 times), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (24 times). Conclusions : Due to the variability in diagnostic approaches, knowledge users should interpret the wide IGD prevalence ranges with caution. In addition to further research on GD, consensus on the definition of IGD and how it is measured is needed, to better understand the prevalence of these conditions. Protocol registration : Open Science Framework https://osf.io/y2sr6/ , August 21 2018.

scholarly journals 10 years of EPOC: A scoping review of Emotiv’s portable EEG device

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolas S Williams ◽  
Genevieve M McArthur ◽  
Nicholas A Badcock
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
User Authentication ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractBACKGROUNDCommercially-made low-cost electroencephalography (EEG) devices have become increasingly available over the last decade. One of these devices, Emotiv EPOC, is currently used in a wide variety of settings, including brain-computer interface (BCI) and cognitive neuroscience research.PURPOSEThe aim of this study was to chart peer-reviewed reports of Emotiv EPOC projects to provide an informed summary on the use of this device for scientific purposes.METHODSWe followed a five-stage methodological framework for a scoping review that included a systematic search using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. We searched the following electronic databases: PsychINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore. We charted study data according to application (BCI, clinical, signal processing, experimental research, and validation) and location of use (as indexed by the first author’s address).RESULTSWe identified 382 relevant studies. The top five publishing countries were the United States (n = 35), India (n = 25), China (n = 20), Poland (n = 17), and Pakistan (n = 17). The top five publishing cities were Islamabad (n = 11), Singapore (n = 10), Cairo, Sydney, and Bandung (n = 7 each). Most of these studies used Emotiv EPOC for BCI purposes (n = 277), followed by experimental research (n = 51). Thirty-one studies were aimed at validating EPOC as an EEG device and a handful of studies used EPOC for improving EEG signal processing (n = 12) or for clinical purposes (n = 11).CONCLUSIONSIn its first 10 years, Emotiv EPOC has been used around the world in diverse applications, from control of robotic limbs and wheelchairs to user authentication in security systems to identification of emotional states. Given the widespread use and breadth of applications, it is clear that researchers are embracing this technology.

Coordination and Party Change in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-821
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Lee ◽  
Michael Brady
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Party Change ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Monolithic Group ◽  
Party Control ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
Micro Level

The ability of American political parties to change issue positions is potentially hindered by problems of coordination. Research on parties since the 1990s has shown what tools party leadership can use to enforce discipline and cohesion among its ranks. We, however, question whether those theories of party control, which explain party stability, can straightforwardly explain party change. Oftentimes we think of parties strategically altering issue positions, but what is “the party?” Rather than a monolithic group, American parties are relatively decentralized, weak, and individualistic compared with other party systems. We present an evolutionary game theoretic example to illustrate the problem of coordination in party change. This theoretical framework suggests an empirical focus on individual-level behaviors to better understand the dynamics of party change. We analyze roll call voting of members of Congress on the environment and abortion to illustrate micro-level behaviors suggested by our theoretical discussion.

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