scholarly journals Silicon fertigation and salicylic acid foliar spraying mitigate ammonium deficiency and toxicity in Eucalyptus spp. clonal seedlings

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250436
Author(s):  
Jonas Pereira de Souza Junior ◽  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Thaís chagas Barros de Morais ◽  
Joaquim José Frazão ◽  
Marcilene Machado dos Santos Sarah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
High Concentrations

Nitrogen deficiency and toxicity, primarily in its ammonium form (NH4+), can suppress plant growth and development. The use of silicon (Si) or salicylic acid (SA) may be an alternative to minimize the harmful effects of nutrient imbalances caused by NH4+, thereby improving the photosynthetic efficiency of plants. The aim of the present study was to assess the action of fertigation-applied Si and SA foliar spraying in mitigating NH4+ toxicity and deficiency in eucalyptus clonal seedlings. Two experiments were performed with eucalyptus clonal seedlings (Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis), in a greenhouse. Both were carried out using a 4x2 factorial design and four concentrations of NH4+ (5, 15, 30 and 60 mmol L-1), in the absence and presence of Si (2 mmol L-1), in experiment I; or with and without SA foliar application (10−2 mmol L-1), in experiment II, with six repetitions. Nitrogen content rose as a result of increasing N-NH4+ concentration in the nutrient solution, and Si supplied via the nutrient solution was efficient in increasing the Si content in eucalyptus seedlings. The rise in N-NH4+ concentration favored the maintenance of the photosynthetic apparatus, but high N-NH4+ concentration increased energy loss through fluorescence and decreased the efficiency of photosystem II. The addition of Si to the nutrient solution proved to be beneficial to the photosynthetic apparatus by decreasing F0 at 15 and 30 mmol L-1 of NH4+; and Fm at all NH4+ concentrations studied. In addition, the beneficial element also increases Fv/Fm at all NH4+ concentrations studied. SA foliar application was also efficient in reducing photosynthetic energy losses by decreasing F0 and Fm at all NH4+ concentrations studied. However, SA only increased the Fv/Fm at the high concentrations studied (30 and 60 mmol L-1 of NH4+). Nitrogen disorder by deficiency or N-NH4+ toxicity reduced shoot dry mass production. The addition of Si to the nutrient solution and SA foliar application increased shoot dry mass production at all N-NH4+ concentrations studied, and benefitted the photosynthetic apparatus by decreasing fluorescence and improving the quantum efficiency of photosystem II as well as dry mass production.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE GROWTH AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FOUR STRAINS OF Nostoc AND Anabaena (CYANOBACTERIA, NOSTOCALES) IN RELATION TO SODIUM NITRATE

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Néstor Rosales Loaiza ◽  
Patricia Vera ◽  
Cateryna Aiello-Mazzarri ◽  
Ever Morales
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nutritional Profile ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Essential Parameter ◽  
Anabaena Sp ◽  
High Concentrations

<p>Nitrogen concentration is an essential parameter in cyanobacterial cultures to produce enriched biomass with agricultural purposes. Growth and biochemical composition of Nostoc LAUN0015,Nostoc UAM206, Anabaena sp.1 and Anabaena sp.2 was compared at 0, 4.25, 8.5 and 17 mM NaNO3. Cultures under laboratory conditions were maintained for 30 days at a volume of 500 mL. Anabaenasp.1 yielded the highest value of dry mass of 0.26 ± 2.49 mg mL-1 at 8.5 mM NaNO3. For chlorophyll, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin were achieved maximum values at 17 mM NaNO3 with 18.09 ± 1.74, 102.90 ± 6.73 and 53.47 ± 2.40 μg mL-1, respectively. Nostoc LAUN0015 produced its maximum value of protein 644.86 ± 19.77 μg mL-1, and 890 mg mL-1 of carbohydrates in the absence of nitrogen. This comparative study shows that the most efficient strain for the production of protein, carbohydrates and lipids in diazotrophic conditions corresponded to Nostoc LAUN0015. However, Anabaena sp.1 and Anabaena sp.2 required high concentrations of nitrogen to achieve higher values of metabolites, comparing with Nostoc strains. Nitrogen dependence for the production of pigments and high protein production in strains of Anabaena and in diazotrophic conditions for Nostoc was demonstrated. Nostoc can be cultured under nitrogen deficiency andAnabaena in sufficiency, for mass production of biomass with good nutritional profile.</p>

scholarly journals Physiological quality and dry mass production of Sorghum bicolor following silicon (Si) foliar application

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 631-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rilner Alves Flores ◽  
◽  
Everton Martins Arruda ◽  
Virgínia Damin ◽  
Jonas Pereira Souza Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Physiological Quality

scholarly journals Salicylic acid mediated changes in growth, photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and antioxidant defense system in Cicer arietinum L.

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Hayat ◽  
S. Hayat ◽  
M.N. Alyemeni ◽  
A. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L

The present study reveals that the foliar application of salicylic acid (SA), irrespective of the concentration used, generated an increase of dry mass per plant, nodule dry mass and leghemoglobin content in chickpea plants. The activity of nitrogenase (E.C 1.18.6.1), nitrate reductase (NR) (E.C. 1.6.6.1), glutamine synthetase (GS) (E.C 6.3.1.2), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) (E.C 1.4.7.1) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) (E.C 1.4.1.3) increased as well. Among the three concentrations of SA, the order of response was found to be 10<sup>&ndash;5</sup> mol/L &gt; 10<sup>&ndash;6</sup> mol/L &gt; 10<sup>&ndash;4</sup> mol/L &gt; control.

scholarly journals Growth and mineral nutrition Of Ipomoea quamoclit

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.B. Carvalho ◽  
S. Bianco ◽  
R.A. Pitelli
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Perennial Crops ◽  
Macronutrient Content ◽  
Experimental Stage

A greenhouse experiment was carried out from November 2006 to April 2007 at FCAV/UNESP, Brazil, aiming to study the dry mass production and the accumulation and distribution of macronutrients in Ipomoea quamoclit, an important weed for annual and perennial crops in Brazil. The plants were grown in seven liter pots with sand substrate, daily irrigated with Hoagland & Arnon nutrient solution. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replicates. The treatments corresponded to evaluation times at 14 day intervals, beginning 21 days after emergence (DAE). In each evaluation, the plants of four pots were analyzed in function of dry mass production and macronutrient content. I. quamoclit had a small dry mass and macronutrient accumulation at the beginning of the experimental stage, increasing after 77 DAE and reaching the maximum theoretical value at 146, 143, 140, 149, 142, 153, and 124 DAE, for dry mass, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, respectively. K and N were the macronutrients most accumulated by I. quamoclit plants.

scholarly journals Effect of Humic and Salicylic Acids Foliar Application in The Chemical Content of Papaya Seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 910 (1) ◽  
pp. 012039
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hadi Ali Al-Abadi ◽  
Ali Muhammad Abd Al-hayany
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Salicylic Acids

Abstract The experiment was carried out on Papaya seedlings (2 months old) to determine the effect of humic acid (HA) and Salicylic acid (SA) on seedlings growth under local environmental conditions of in a private orchard in Diyala governorate. Humic acid (HA) sprayed at 4 concentrations (0, 1, 2 and 3%), whereas Salicylic acid (SA) was used at three concentrations (0, 200 and 400 mg.L-1). The results showed that spraying with the high concentrations of both acids gave the best results in most studied traits, in addition these treatments decreased significantly leaves proline content.

scholarly journals DESCRIÇÃO DE SINTOMAS VISUAIS EM FUNÇÃO DAS DEFICIÊNCIAS DE MACRONUTRIENTES EM MUDAS DE CEREJEIRA (Amburana acreana)

FLORESTA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Ramos Vieira ◽  
Oscarlina Lúcia dos Santos Weber ◽  
José Fernando Scaramuzza ◽  
Anne Caroline Costa ◽  
Thaianny Rodrigues de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Visual Symptoms ◽  
Nutritive Solution ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Nursery Plant ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar a sintomatologia visual das carências de macronutrientes e produção de massa seca em mudas de cerejeira (Amburana acreana), cultivadas em solução nutritiva. As mudas de cerejeira foram produzidas em tubetes de 180 cm³ e posteriormente transplantadas para sacolas plásticas (17 x 10 cm). Ao atingirem 20 cm de altura, foram transplantadas para tubos de PVC preenchidos com areia e submetidas por 30 dias a solução nutritiva completa, correspondente ao período de adaptação. Em seguida, as mudas foram submetidas por 90 dias a soluções nutritivas completa e com omissão de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, constituindo sete tratamentos e três repetições em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. A cada 30 dias, as mudas foram avaliadas em altura e diâmetro de colo e os sintomas de deficiência foram identificados. Após os 90 dias de aplicação de solução nutritiva, as mudas foram secas em estufa e a biomassa seca foi determinada. Concluiu-se que P, S e N foram os macronutrientes que mais limitaram o crescimento das mudas de Amburana acreana e P e S, a produção de matéria seca. Houve maior absorção de N, P e K na parte aérea das mudas de cerejeira e de N e Mg pelo sistema radicular.Palavras-chave: Espécie florestal; viveiro florestal; nutrição de plantas. AbstractDescription of visual symptoms under macronutrients deficiency in seedlings of cerejeira (Amburana acreana ducke). This study aimed to identify the visual symptoms of deficiencies of nutrients and dry mass production in seedlings of cherry (Amburana acreana), grown in nutrient solution. Cherry seedlings were grown in tubes 180 cm³ and later transplanted into plastic bags (17 x 10 cm). Upon reaching 20 cm height were transplanted to PVC tubes filled with sand and subjected to 30 days to complete nutritive solution, corresponding to the period of adaptation. Then the seedlings were subjected for 90 days, to complete nutrient solutions and with the omission of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, constituting seven treatments and three replications in a randomized design. Every 30 days, the seedlings were assessed for height and diameter, and deficiency symptoms were identified and photographed. After 90 days of application of nutrient solution, the seedlings were dried and the dry biomass was determinate. It was concluded that P, S and N were the macronutrients that limit the growth of seedlings Amburana acreana and P and S, the dry mass production. There was greater absorption of N, P and K in shoots of the seedlings and N and Mg by root.Keywords: Amazonian species; nursery; plant nutrition.

scholarly journals Contrastive response of Brassica napus L. to exogenous salicylic acid, selenium and silicon supplementation under water stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghader Habibi
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Exogenous Salicylic Acid

The present research was designed to determine the effects of exogenous salicylic acid (SA), selenium (Se) and silicon (Si) on the resistance of canola (Brassica napus L. cv Okapi) seedlings to salt stress. Foliar application of SA (0.1 mM) in canola plants under drought stress for 25 days exhibited a significantly positive effect on shoot dry mass and raised the levels of total chlorophyll as well as boosting the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). In addition, soil application of silicon (0.35 g Na2SiO3/kg soil) had ameliorative effects on canola root growth under drought. It is concluded that SA and Si enhanced the salt tolerance of canola by protecting the cell membrane against lipid peroxidation. However, the foliar application of Se (10 mg/l) had no ameliorative effects on canola growth and antioxidant capacity under drought stress, as could be judged by accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA).

scholarly journals Concentration of nutrient solution in the hydroponic production of potato minitubers

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1529-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Benito Novella ◽  
Jerônimo Luiz Andriolo ◽  
Dilson Antônio Bisognin ◽  
Clarissa Melo Cogo ◽  
Maurício Guerra Bandinelli
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Potato Plant ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Electrical Conductivities

The effect of the nutrient solution concentration on potato plant growth and minituber yield were determined in a sand closed hydroponic system. Minitubers and micropropagated plantlets of the cv. 'Macaca' were used. Treatments were five nutrient solution concentrations at electrical conductivities (EC) of 1.0 (T1), 2.2 (T2), 3.4 (T3), 4.7 (T4) and 5.8dS m-1 (T5). The split plot randomised experimental design was used with three replications. Plants from minitubers produced higher fresh and mean weight of minitubers, shoot dry mass and leaf area index than the micropropagated ones. However, higher dry mass of minitubers was found with micropropagated plantlets compared to minitubers. The concentration of the nutrient solution did not affect minituber number. Increasing the nutrient solution concentration decreased total and minituber dry mass production of micropropagated plantlets and plant growth and minituber production of minituber-originated plants. Low concentration of nutrient solution at an EC of about 1.0dS m-1 can be used in the hydroponic production of potato minitubers of both micropropagated and minituber-originated plants.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF ALUMINIUM ON THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS OF TWO RICE CULTIVARS

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. FONSECA JÚNIOR ◽  
J. CAMBRAIA ◽  
C. RIBEIRO ◽  
M. A. OLIVA ◽  
J. A. OLIVEIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Rice Cultivars

SUMMARYWe aimed to evaluate aluminium (Al) effects on the photosynthetic apparatus of two rice cultivars with contrasting tolerances to Al. Nine-days-old seedlings were exposed to 0 or 1 mM Al for 10 days, and then dry mass, Al and chloroplastidic pigment contents and photosynthetic parameters were determined. Al accumulated mainly in the roots of the Al-treated plants. In the leaves, Al increased only in the sensitive cultivar, but there was no difference between the cultivars in Al-treated plants. The root and leaf dry mass, the net carbon assimilation rate, stomatal conductance and internal CO2 concentration were all reduced in response to Al application, but only in the sensitive cultivar. Both the initial fluorescence and potential photochemical efficiency of photosystem II were unresponsive to the Al treatments, regardless of the cultivar. In the Al-sensitive cultivar, Al provoked significant decreases in the photochemical quenching coefficient, quantum yield of photosystem II electron transport and apparent electron transport rate, in parallel to an unaltered non-photochemical quenching coefficient. All of these parameters remained at the control levels in the tolerant cultivar. The chloroplastidic pigment content increased only in the Al-tolerant cultivar, whereas it remained unaltered after Al treatment in the sensitive cultivar. In conclusion, Al induced stomatal and (most likely) photochemical constraints on photosynthesis but with no apparent signs of photoinhibition in the Al-sensitive cultivar. Despite the similar Al levels of the cultivars, unchanging biomass accumulation or photosynthetic performance in the tolerant cultivar challenged with Al highlights its higher intrinsic ability to cope with Al stress.

scholarly journals Accumulation of dry mass and macronutrients by sourgrass plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 785-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.B. Carvalho ◽  
M.S. Bianco ◽  
S. Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The experiment was carried out aiming to analyze the dry mass production and distribution and the content and accumulation of macronutrients in sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) plants cultivated under mineral nutrition standard conditions. Plants grew in 7-liter pots filled with sand substrate and daily irrigated with nutrient solution, being maintained under greenhouse conditions. Treatments consisted of times of evaluation (21, 35, 49, 63, 77, 91, 105, 119, and 133 days after emergence - DAE) and were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replicates. Sourgrass showed small accumulation of dry mass (0.3 g per plant) and macronutrients (3.7 mg of N per plant, 0.4 mg of P per plant, 5.6 mg of K per plant, 0.9 mg of Ca per plant, 0.7 mg of Mg per plant, and 0.3 mg of S per plant) at vegetative growth stage (< 49 DAE). Those accumulations increased mainly after 77 DAE, reaching the maximum theoretical value at 143, 135, 141, 129, 125, 120, and 128 DAE, for dry mass (12.4 g per plant), N (163.2 mg per plant), P (27.1 mg per plant), K (260.5 mg per plant), Ca (47.6 mg per plant), Mg (30.9 mg per plant), and S (13.7 mg per plant), respectively. K and N were found with higher rates and, as a consequence, they were required and accumulated in greater amounts in plant tissues of sourgrass.

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