scholarly journals Identification of success factors in elite wrestlers—An exploratory study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247565
Author(s):  
Igor Cieśliński ◽  
Dariusz Gierczuk ◽  
Jerzy Sadowski
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Random Forests ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Practical Standpoint

Identification of success factors in wrestling as well as establishing their hierarchy are crucial from a cognitive and practical standpoint. It may provide a lot of practical recommendations related to wrestling-specific training. The aim of this study was to identify and establish the hierarchy of success factors in wrestling regardless of a fighting style and weight class. This study included 168 elite male freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers. They were divided into two groups: athletes who won medals (successful wrestlers) in high-rank competitions (Polish Championships or higher) and those who did not win any medals (less successful wrestlers) in those competitions. The following elements were assessed: anthropological measurements, body composition, dynamic strength, strength endurance, agility, special endurance, wrestling-specific fitness, response time, technical wrestling skills and anaerobic capacity. For initial data analysis, one-way ANOVA (α = 0.005) was used. Random Forests classifier was employed to identify success factors and to determine the importance of each of these factors in terms of sports performance. Seven key success factors were identified: anaerobic power, strength endurance, response time, special endurance, wrestling-specific fitness and technical wrestling skills performed in a horizontal position. Random Forests turned out to be an effective method of modelling success in wrestling (compared to SVM and KNN, which were also used in the study). These findings suggest that wrestling-specific training can be effectively monitored by controlling several vital indicators of athletes’ preparedness: anaerobic power, strength endurance, response time, special endurance, wrestling-specific fitness and technical wrestling skills (the performance of reverse waistlock from a standing position and trunk grip gut wrench assessed by experts).

Effects of Jet Lag on Factors Related to Sport Performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Hill ◽  
Corinne M. Hill ◽  
Kelly L. Fields ◽  
Jimmy C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Dynamic Strength ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Jet Lag ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Key Words Circadian

Three studies were performed to evaluate the effects of jet lag on factors associated with sport performance. In Study 1, members of the USA Women's Soccer Team traveled to Taiwan; in Study 2, North American students and faculty traveled to Western Europe; and in Study 3, European students traveled to North America. After travel, there was disruption of mood state and a reduction in dynamic strength; peak 5-s power and 30-s work capacity were reduced for 2 days (5-s power: 9.8 vs. 9.0 vs. 9.0 W∙kg−1; 30-s work capacity: 213 vs. 199 vs. 201 J∙kg−1). In these studies, mood state, anaerobic power and capacity, and dynamic strength were affected by rapid transmeridianal travel, and even highly trained athletes suffered from jet lag. However, effects of travel on the variables tested were essentially eliminated after 3 or 4 days. Key words: circadian rhythm, anaerobic power, anaerobic capacity, mood, travel

scholarly journals Anaerobic Strength and Power in Master Athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. E30-E36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Gacesa
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Master Athletes ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Contraction Velocity ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

AbstractThe study compared anaerobic capacity and power in master athletes of different ages, and correlated 2 different anaerobic tests. The study was conducted on 60 male athletes: group I 30–35 years (n1=35, age 32.23±1.53 y), group II 35–45 years (n2=15, age 39.17±3.60 y), group III above 46 years (n3=10, age 52.13±4.50 y). The Wingate anaerobic test and ergometry of elbow flexors, elbow extensors, and knee extensors were performed. Average peak anaerobic power (PP) in group I was 692.94±216.53 W, in group II 593.40±185.91 W, non-significantly lower by 14.4% (p>0.05). In group III, PP was 381.50±117.62 W, significantly lower by 44.9% when compared with group I (p≤0.001). Ergometry parameter of muscle strength and power showed greater decline with age (up to 32.3%) in comparison with contraction velocity (up to 14.1%). Significant correlation was registered between PP and ergometric parameter power for knee extensors (KE) (PP/KE power: r was 0.59 in group I, 0.85 in group II, and 0.90 in group III, p≤0.05). Master athletes represent an interesting population for studying the chronic effects of physical activity on functional capacity changes during ageing. Strength parameters “age” in different fashion, because the contraction velocity parameter is less influenced than strength by the muscle alterations with increasing age.

Influence of the Cyclist’s Characteristics on the Optimal Pacing Strategy for an Ascending Road

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Angulo ◽  
Alejandra Polanco ◽  
Luis Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Power Delivery ◽  
Race Time ◽  
Pacing Strategy ◽  
Pacing Strategies ◽  
Road Grade ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Drag Area

Abstract Pacing strategies are used in cycling to optimize the power delivered by the cyclist during a race. Gains in race time have been obtained when using these strategies compared to self-paced approaches. For this reason, this study is focused on revising the effect that the variation of the cyclist’s parameters has on the pacing strategy and its results. A numeric method was used to propose pacing strategies for a cyclist riding on an ascending 3.7 km route with a constant 6.26% road grade. The method was validated and then implemented to study the effect of aerobic and anaerobic power delivery capacity, mass, and drag area on the pacing strategies and their corresponding estimated race times. The results showed that modifying 1% of the aerobic capacity or cyclist mass value led to a change of 1% on the race time. Modifying 1% the anaerobic capacity and the drag area led to changes of 0.03% and 0.02% on the race time, respectively. These results are strongly dependent on the route characteristics. It was concluded that for the studied route (constantly ascending), the variation of the cyclist’s aerobic capacity influences the pacing strategy (i.e., the power delivery over the distance). The anaerobic capacity and mass of the cyclist also influence the pacing strategy to a lesser extent.

scholarly journals Metabolic consequences of β-alanine supplementation during exhaustive supramaximal cycling and 4000-m time-trial performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 864-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip M. Bellinger ◽  
Clare L. Minahan
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Cycling Test ◽  
Cycling Time Trial ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

The present study investigated the effects of β-alanine supplementation on the resultant blood acidosis, lactate accumulation, and energy provision during supramaximal-intensity cycling, as well as the aerobic and anaerobic contribution to power output during a 4000-m cycling time trial (TT). Seventeen trained cyclists (maximal oxygen uptake = 4.47 ± 0.55 L·min−1) were administered 6.4 g of β-alanine (n = 9) or placebo (n = 8) daily for 4 weeks. Participants performed a supramaximal cycling test to exhaustion (equivalent to 120% maximal oxygen uptake) before (PreExh) and after (PostExh) the 4-week supplementation period, as well as an additional postsupplementation supramaximal cycling test identical in duration and power output to PreExh (PostMatch). Anaerobic capacity was quantified and blood pH, lactate, and bicarbonate concentrations were measured pre-, immediately post-, and 5 min postexercise. Subjects also performed a 4000-m cycling TT before and after supplementation while the aerobic and anaerobic contributions to power output were quantified. β-Alanine supplementation increased time to exhaustion (+12.8 ± 8.2 s; P = 0.041) and anaerobic capacity (+1.1 ± 0.7 kJ; P = 0.048) in PostExh compared with PreExh. Performance time in the 4000-m TT was reduced following β-alanine supplementation (−6.3 ± 4.6 s; P = 0.034) and the mean anaerobic power output was likely to be greater (+6.2 ± 4.5 W; P = 0.035). β-Alanine supplementation increased time to exhaustion concomitant with an augmented anaerobic capacity during supramaximal intensity cycling, which was also mirrored by a meaningful increase in the anaerobic contribution to power output during a 4000-m cycling TT, resulting in an enhanced overall performance.

scholarly journals EXPLOSIVE MUSCLE POWER ASSESSMENT IN ELITE ATHLETES USING WINGATE ANAEROBIC TEST

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dea Karaba Jakovljević ◽  
Mirela Eric ◽  
Gordana Jovanovic ◽  
Goran Dimitric ◽  
Maja Buljcik Cupic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Power ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
High Energy Phosphates ◽  
Explosive Power ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physiological Tests

ABSTRACT Introduction: Maximal effort physiological tests provide information about the current functional capacity of athletes. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate anaerobic performance parameters in elite athletes and to compare them in terms of the specific demands of each sport. We also created and applied the new software which enables us to quantify a new parameter -explosive muscle power (EP), a major component in sports requiring explosive bursts of movement lasting from a few seconds to 1 or 2 minutes. This new parameter reflects the velocity of energy transformation from intramuscular ATP and high-energy phosphates into mechanical power. Methods: All Wingate test parameters (standard parameters) - anaerobic power (AP), anaerobic capacity (AC), and explosive power (EP) as the new parameter were recorded in 104 subjects: 30 non-athletes and 74 athletes divided into different groups depending on their sport specialty (20 rowers, 28 wrestlers and 26 soccer players). Results: Anaerobic power (AP), anaerobic capacity (AC) and explosive power (EP) were significantly higher in the group of athletes compared to non-athletes. Among athletes, significant differences were observed in some parameters according to the type of activities they are involved in. The highest values were recorded in the group of wrestlers (AP=836W; AC=16.6kJ; EP=139W/s). The values of AP (absolute values) and EP (absolute and relative values) were significantly higher in wrestlers than in soccer players and rowers, but there was no significant difference in AC among these groups. The EP variable had a distribution similar to AP. Conclusions: Alongside anaerobic power and anaerobic capacity, the assessment of explosive power may complement the anaerobic profile of athletes. Experts in the field of sports medicine and exercise physiology could find these results useful in improving test variables, which are more important for specific sports, and for evaluating and monitoring training progress. Level of Evidence I; Diagnostic studies - Investigating a diagnostic test.

scholarly journals A group-enhanced sprint interval training program for amateur athletes

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 809-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc J. Martin ◽  
Scott H. Anderson ◽  
Matthew S. Schmale ◽  
Jillian R. Hallworth ◽  
Tom J. Hazell
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Amateur Athletes ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
True Group

Sprint interval training (SIT) can elicit improvements in aerobic and anaerobic capacity. While variations in SIT protocols have been investigated, the influence of social processes cannot be overlooked. As research supports the use of groups to influence individual cognitions and behaviours, the current project assessed the effectiveness of a group-based intervention with participants conducting SIT. Specifically, 53 amateur athletes (age, 21.9 ± 2.9 years; 53% females) took part in a 4-week training program (3 sessions per week, 30-s “all-out” efforts with 4 min active recovery, repeated 4–6 times per session), and were assigned to “true group”, aggregate, or individual conditions. Results indicated no significant differences between groups for the physiological measures. With regards to training improvements from baseline for all participants— regardless of condition — significant main effects for time were identified for maximal oxygen uptake (2.5–2.8 mL·kg−1·min−1, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.03), time-trial performance (14–32 s, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.37), and anaerobic power (1.1–1.7 k·h−1, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.66). With regards to the psychological measures, significant main effects between groups were found for motivation (p = 0.033, η2 = 0.13), task self-efficacy (p = 0.018, η2 = 0.15), and scheduling self-efficacy (p = 0.003, η2 = 0.22). The true group experienced greater improvements in motivation than the individual condition, but the aggregate and individual conditions demonstrated greater increases in task and scheduling self-efficacy. Though the SIT paradigm employed induced training improvements similar to previous work, the group intervention was not able to further these improvements.

scholarly journals The relationship between physical fitness and shooting accuracy of professional basketball players

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 408-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haris Pojskić ◽  
Vlatko Šeparović ◽  
Melika Muratović ◽  
Edin Užičanin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Game Play ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Competitive Shooting ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Basketball Shooting

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among physical fitness of professional Bosnian basketball players (n = 38) and shooting accuracy during one basketball season. A related, secondary aim was to examine relationships between basketball shooting assessments and competitive shooting accuracy during game play. Physical fitness components included: muscular endurance and aerobic endurance, lower and upper-body power, speed, agility, anaerobic capacity and anaerobic power. The specific basketball shooting accuracy was assessed by stationary and dynamic shooting assessments. Competitive shooting accuracy was represented by data collected during one basketball season for each player (free throw, field goal, and three-point %). Results of the regression analyses showed that there were significant positive relationships among shooting assessments and competitive shooting accuracy during game play. The relationship was stronger when the dynamic shooting tests were applied compared to the stationary tests. However, few or weak relationships existed among physical fitness components and competitive shooting accuracy. Only the power tests showed to be good predictors for shooting over longer distances. The findings support the inclusion of the dynamic basketball shooting accuracy tests in regular basketball assessment procedures as a valuable testing instrument.

Relationship between Anaerobic Power and Jumping of Selected Male Volleyball Players of Different Ages

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Kasabalis ◽  
Helen Douda ◽  
Savvas P. Tokmakidis
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Maximal Anaerobic Power ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Anaerobic Test

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anaerobic power of elite male volleyball players, using the Wingate Anaerobic Test to examine the relationship between anaerobic power and jumping performance. Athletes ( n = 56) and Nonathletes ( n = 53) were divided into three age groups: Adults (18–25 yr.), Juniors (15–16 yr.), and Youth (10–11 yr.). Measurements of height, body mass, vertical jump and Wingate scores indicated higher values for athletes. The specific training effects of anaerobic power were more pronounced at the age of 10–11 years than for Nonathletes. A significant correlation coefficient between peak power and vertical jump was found for Athletes ( r = .86) and for the total group ( r = .82). These results indicated that vertical jump may predict the maximal anaerobic power and could be used by coaches as a practical and easy-to-apply field screening test for evaluation in volleyball training.

scholarly journals Hematological, Hormonal and Fitness Indices in Youth Swimmers: Gender‐Related Comparisons

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
Guang Cai ◽  
Jun Qiu ◽  
Shuai Chen ◽  
Qile Pan ◽  
Xunzhang Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Erythrocyte Indices ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Abstract This study objective was to evaluate gender differences in hematological, hormonal and fitness variables among youth swimmers and to explore relationships between erythrocyte indices and aerobic and anaerobic capacity. 137 girls and 171 boys participated in the study and were divided into three groups based on their training experience. Blood samples were obtained to determine red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and plasma erythropoietin and testosterone levels. VO2max was assessed using a submaximal cycle protocol. 76 girls and 102 boys also undertook a Wingate test to determine their peak anaerobic power. Boys had higher (p < 0.05) means than girls for all hematological variables except for erythropoietin and these variables demonstrated an increase with training in boys. The average VO2max in l∙min-1 and peak anaerobic power in watts were also higher in boys (2.91 ± 0.08 and 547 ± 28, respectively) than girls (2.25 ± 0.07 and 450 ± 26, respectively). Modest but significant (p < 0.05) correlations were found between VO2max and red blood cell counts (r = 0.252), hemoglobin concentration (r = 0.345), or hematocrit (r = 0.345) and between peak anaerobic power and red blood cell counts (r = 0.304), hemoglobin concentration (r = 0.319) or hematocrit (r = 0.351). This study revealed relatively lower yet age- and gender-appropriate hematological, hormonal and fitness indices in youth swimmers. The gender-related differences in erythrocyte indices seem unrelated to erythropoietin and may be explained by the higher testosterone levels seen in boys. Given their correlation to both aerobic and anaerobic capacity, erythrocyte indices may be used as part of talent identification for sports.

Athletic Performance and the Oral Contraceptive

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Rechichi ◽  
Brian Dawson ◽  
Carmel Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Physiological Variables

Some reports suggest variation in physiological responses and athletic performance, for female athletes at specific phases of the menstrual cycle. However, inconsistent findings are common due to the inappropriate verification of menstrual cycle phase, small subject numbers, high intra- and interindividual variability in estrogen and progesterone concentration, and the pulsatile secretion of these hormones. Therefore, the oral contraceptive (OC) cycle may provide a more stable environment in which to evaluate the acute effect of reproductive hormones on physiological variables and exercise performance. To date, most of the OC research has compared differences between OC use and nonuse, and few researchers have examined within-cycle effects of the OC. It is also apparent that OC use is becoming far more prevalent in athletes; hence the effect of the different exogenous and endogenous hormonal profiles on athletic performance should be investigated. Research to date identifies potential for variation in aerobic performance, anaerobic capacity, anaerobic power and reactive strength throughout an OC cycle. The purpose of this review is to present and evaluate the current literature on the physiology of exercise and athletic performance during the OC cycle.

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