scholarly journals Prevalence of malaria and associated factors among under-five children in Sherkole refugee camp, Benishangul-Gumuz region, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246895
Author(s):  
Abdulmuneim Ahmed ◽  
Kebadnew Mulatu ◽  
Berhanu Elfu
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Refugee Camp ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Background Under-five year children are the most vulnerable group affected by malaria, they accounted for 61% of all malaria deaths worldwide. Sherkole refugee camp is stratified under high risk for malaria. Knowledge on malaria prevalence and associated factors among under-five children in Sherkole refugee camp is lacking. Methods and materials Institution-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among under-five children in Sherkole refugee camp from October to November 2019. Total sample size was 356. Stratified random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Standardized questionnaire was used to collect data. Care StartTM Malaria Rapid diagnostic test which detect histidine-rich protein 2 of P. falciparum and plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase of P. vivax was used to diagnose malaria. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify factors associated with malaria. Results A total of 356 participants were included in this study with response rate of 97.5%. The prevalence malaria was 3.9% (95% CI = 2.0–6.2). Outdoor stay at night (AOR = 3.9, 95% CI = 1.14–13.8), stagnant water near to house (AOR = 4.0, 95% CI = 1.14–14.6), and the number of under-five children per household (AOR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.03–13.0) were found to increase the odds of getting malaria. Whereas, insecticide treated net (ITN)utilization (AOR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.06–0.61) and Health information about malaria (AOR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.06–0.65) reduce the odds of getting malaria. Conclusions and recommendations Malaria remains the major public health problem in Sherkole Refugee camp. Outdoor stay at night, stagnant water near to house, and number of under-five children per household were the risk factors for malaria. Health information dissemination that focuses on avoiding outdoor stay at night, eliminating stagnant water & using ITN, and considering number of under-five children per household during ITN distribution should be take into account.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors of diarrhea among under-five children in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia 2018: A cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sisay Shine ◽  
Sindew Muhamud ◽  
Solomon Adnew ◽  
Alebachew Demelash
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Rota Virus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Debre Berhan

Abstract Introduction Diarrhea is responsible for 525,000 under five children deaths and 1.7 billion cases in the world and the second leading cause of death among under-five children. It is the major public health problem in developing countries like Ethiopia. The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of diarrhea among under-five children in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia.Methods Community based cross-sectional study design was done among 420 children in Debre Behan Town. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected by using pre-tested and structured questionnaire. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess level of significance.Results The two week prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children was 16.4%. Age of children with 7-11 month years old (AOR: 4.2, 95%CI: 1.2 – 15.3), being the second children (AOR: 3.9, 95%CI: 1.8 – 8.5), not vaccinated against Rota virus (AOR: 10.3, 95%CI: 3.2 – 91.3) and feeding children by using hand (AOR: 2.5, 95%CI: 1.1 - 6.1) were significant predictors of under five children diarrhea.Conclusions This study revealed that the two weeks’ period prevalence of under-five diarrhea was relatively high. Age of children, vaccination against Rota virus and feeding children by using hand were associated with under-five children diarrhea. Education program on the important of vaccination against Rota virus and critical point of hand washing is recommended.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Undernutrition among Under-Five Children of Bharatpur Municipality of Chitwan District, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-272
Author(s):  
Ava Upadhyay Pokhrel ◽  
Surya Bahadur Parajuli ◽  
Alok Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Under Nutrition

Introduction: Under-nutrition during childhood, a major public health problem of Nepal, can have everlasting consequences. It is one of the primary causes of ill health and premature deaths in many developing countries like Nepal.Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of under-nutrition among under-five children of Bharatpur municipality of Chitwan district of central Nepal.Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in Bharatpur municipality of Chitwan district. Anthropometric measurement of children and information regarding nutrition along with different exposures were taken from 402 randomly sampled mothers. WHO criteria was used to compare with the calculated Z-score using Anthro V3.2.2 software. Informed consent was taken from concerned authority. Descriptive statistics were calculated and binary logistic regressions was used to determine the influence of selected variables for underweight.Results: Majority of the respondents were from relatively advantaged groups and house makers. Almost 54% of the children were boys and the greatest share of children was of age group 25-36 months. Almost one in 10 children of Bharatpur had lower weight-for-height score (wasted). Likewise, more than one quarter (26.4%) were stunted and another 13.4% were under-weight. Families with less than four family members were less likely to have under-weight children and those who had more than two children had more chance of having under-weight children (P=0.002). Children having diarrheal episodes within 2 weeks period of study had higher odds of being malnourished.Conclusion: The study shows that female children have higher risks of being malnourished. Higher prevalence of underweight was seen with the increasing age of children. The size of family also matters the nutrition status of children. It is recommended that Ministry of Health needs to have more attention for the necessary intervention addressing the combined exposures factors for underweight. Birat Journal of Health SciencesVol.2/No.3/Issue 4/Sep- Dec 2017, Page: 266-272 

Knowledge on Childhood Dental Caries Among Parents of Under Five Children in A Community at Biratnagar, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Sarmila Pradhan ◽  
Deepika Khadgi ◽  
Namita Yengden ◽  
Karishma Khadgi
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Dental caries is a major public health problem globally and is one of the most chronic diseases in children. Children are susceptible to caries as soon as the first teeth appear. Parents are the primary decision-makers in matters of children's healthcare. If the parents are knowledgeable about the child's oral health care then childhood dental caries can be prevented. The objective of this study was to identify the knowledge on childhood dental caries among parents of under five children. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out among parents of under five children in a community of Biratnagar 12. Sample was selected using non probability purposive sampling method and data was collected by face-to-face interview using a self-developed, semi-structured interview guideline. Descriptive statistics i.e. frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation was used to assess the level of knowledge and inferential statistics i.e chi square was used to find the association between dependent and independent variables. About three fourths (71%) of the parents were of age group 20-30 years and 88% of them were mothers. Most of the parents (90%) were aware that dental caries can occur in under five children and excessive sugar intake was the most common cause as reported by all of them. Only 40% knew that dental caries is transmissible and among them 97.6% responded by sharing of toothbrush. Regarding good brushing habit, most of the parents were aware. Almost all (95%) knew that proper tooth brushing helps to prevent dental caries whereas only 19% were aware about use of fluoridated tooth paste as preventive measures. Meanwhile, only 12% of the parents were aware that first dental visit should be done when first tooth erupts or within 1 year of age More than half (79%) had good knowledge on childhood dental caries but there was no association of knowledge with socio-demographic variables. The study concluded that more than half of the respondents had good knowledge on childhood dental caries and none of the socio-demographic variables were associated with the level of knowledge of parents on dental caries. Despite good knowledge, prevalence of childhood dental caries is high in our society thus reflecting the need to assess the practice of dental care.

Mothers' knowledge of the causes and prevention associated with diarrhea among under-five children in Hlaing Thar Yar Township, Yangon, Myanmar

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Khaing Zar Lwin ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Edi Putra
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Promotion Program ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Background: Diarrhea among under-five children remains a major public health problem in developing countries, such as Myanmar. Its complications contribute to the worse health outcomes as well as increase the child mortality in Myanmar. Hlaing Thar Yar was recognized as a township with the highest incidence of diarrhea in Yangon region. Aims: This study aimed to identify the association of mother’s knowledge on diarrhea with the diarrheal disease among under-five children in Hlaing Thar Yar Township, Yangon, Myanmar. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study by collecting primary data in the Hlaing Thar Yar Township of Yangon, Myanmar from November to December 2016. About 277 records of mothers and their under-five children have been collected through multistage random sampling. A dependent variable in this study was the occurrence of diarrhea among under-five children whilst independent variables consisted of socio-demographic characteristics of parents and five domains of mother’s knowledge on diarrhea. Data were analyzed by using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: This study found that a half (53.43%) of under-five children suffered diarrhea within two weeks prior to the survey. Based on multivariate analysis by controlling all socio-demographic factors, two out of five domains of mother’s knowledge showed significant association. An increased one score of mother’s knowledge on causes and prevention of diarrhea contributed to decrease the likelihood of diarrheal disease by 37% (OR=0.63; 95%CI=0.44-0.90) and 27% (OR=0.73; 95%CI=0.54-0.99), respectively. Conclusions: This study confirmed that the knowledge of mothers on causes and prevention of diarrhea appears to have important effects on the occurrence of diarrhea among the under-five children. Therefore, health promotion program with an emphasis on providing information related to diarrhea causes and prevention is worth to enhance mother’s knowledge and their ability to prevent diarrhea among under-five children in Hlaing Thar Yar Township, Yangon. 

scholarly journals Latrine Utilisation and Associated Factors in Southern Ethiopia: Evidence from Selected Households in Holte Town, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Demamu Haligamo
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Globally, over 2.5 billion people are still without access to improved sanitation. Almost a third of the world’s population suffers on a daily basis from a lack of access to a clean and functioning toilet. People are obliged to defecate in the open due to a lack of toilet facilities. Poor usage of latrines and excreta disposal are contributing factors to a high number of morbidity and mortality, especially among under-five children. Health improvement comes from proper sanitation facilities, not simply because of their mere physical presence. Therefore, this study assessed latrine utilisation and associated factors among households in Holte town of Derashe, especial Woreda, southern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 356 households using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and checklist. An SPSS software Version.23 was used for analysis, and descriptive statistics and association among factors were finally calculated. From total respondents, 316 (88.76%) were using Latrine for 24 hours (good utilisation), 29 (8.1%) daily and the remaining 11 (3.0%) rarely (poor utilisation). Family members in each household were identified as using Latrine together. From the study respondents who have under-five children, 189 (53.1%) of the households do not allow their children to use Latrine. In conclusion, there is somewhat good latrine utilisation but poor hand washing practice after visiting Latrine in the study area. So, strengthening health information dissemination, appropriate technical support, and multi-sectorial collaboration should be key factors to improve the proper utilisation of latrines and handwashing practices.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status and its Associated Factors among Under Five Children in BhimtarofSindhupalchowk District Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-776
Author(s):  
Jyoti Gautam ◽  
Rija Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Antenatal Visit ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Introduction: The nutritional status of an individual is often the result of many inter-related factors. It is a major public health problem in most of the developing countries and occurs prominently among under-five children. Nepal is also the one of the developing country where the prevalence of malnutrition is high.  Objective: This study aimedtoassess the nutritional status and its associated factors among under-five children.  Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Bhimtar Village Development Committee of Sindhupalchowk.Study conducted in Jan 27 2017 to Feb 8 2017 with the sample 115, self-constructed semi-structured interview schedule was used for data collection and nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurements. Descriptive (Frequency, Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation) and inferential statistic (chi-square test) were used for data analysis.  Results: Among total children 47% were stunted, 30.4% were underweight and 11.3% were wasted. Age of child, frequency of antenatal visit and age of mother at child birth had significant association with nutritional status of children. Conclusion: The study concludes that significant proportion of under-five children in Sindhupalchowk district were malnourished with stunting and wasting being pre-dominant form of malnutrition. Occurrence of malnutrition was slightly higher among male compared to female children. Child’s age, mother’s age during childbirth and completion of atleast four antenatal visits during pregnancy were found to be significantly associated with child’s nutritional status.

scholarly journals Opportunistic Infections and Associated Factors among HIV/AIDS Patients taking Ante-Retroviral Therapy at Selected Hospitals in Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A facility-based cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demelash Wachamo ◽  
Fisseha Bonja
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Opportunistic infections are late complications of HIV infection is the depletion of the immune system. It is a major public health problem and high morbidity AIDS patients die of AIDS-related infections in developing countries like Ethiopia. Identification of opportunistic infections (OIs) is important to develop a specific intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the burden and associated factors of opportunistic infections.Method A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 420 randomly selected HIV/AIDS patients taking anti-retroviral therapy. Data was collected from selected hospitals in Sidama Zone based on population proportion to size. Data was collected by a pre-tested questionnaire and a pre-tested checklist from the medical records of patients. Data entry and analyzed for descriptive and logistic regression models by SPSS v.23. The result declared as statistically significant at p < 0.05.Result The magnitude of opportunistic infections was 39.6%. Major identified OIs was oral candidacies 23.2%, recurrent bacterial pneumonia 21.5%, Herpes zoster 6.3%, and Pulmonary Tuberculosis 6.0%.The magnitude of opportunistic associated with; older age [AOR=2.69, 95% CI: 1.33-5.43], No formal education [AOR=3.12, 95% CI: 1.06-9.25], Low monthly income [AOR=2.27, 95%CI:1.35-3.83], initial CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm3 [AOR=1.91, 95% CI:1.05-3.46), WHO clinical stage II [AOR=2.43, 95% CI:1.34-4.42] and stage III and IV [AOR=4.27, 95% CI: 2.12-8.59], had no extra medicine additional to ART (prophylaxis) had [AOR= 5.91, 95% CI: 3.31-10.56], who interrupt ART medicines [AOR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.09- 3.80] and Khat chewing [AOR=5.48, 95% CI: 2.32-12.96] when compared to their counterparts.Conclusions The overall magnitude of opportunistic infections was high when compared with other studies. Health officials and clinicians need to give attention on the strengthening of the provision if ART with prophylaxis on early-stage and adhrerence, implementation of the TB/HIV collaboration activity, and early initiation of ART to reduce opportunistic infections.

scholarly journals A community-based cross-sectional study on the nutritional status of children less than 5 years of age using Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure in a semi-urban area of northern Tamil Nadu

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL2) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Anuhya B ◽  
Nisha B ◽  
Ruma Dutta ◽  
Timsi Jain
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

Malnutrition among under-five children is a major public health problem all around the world. About more than 30% of the malnutrition world-wide is prevalent in southern Asia, a significant proportion of which is contributed by India. It is well known that malnutrition is frequently a part of a vicious cycle that includes poverty and infections, which can last a life-time and may also affect the next generations. This study aims to assess the nutritional status of children less than 5 years in a semi-urban area of Tamil Nadu using a composite index of anthropometric failure. A cross-sectional community-based study was undertaken among 168 children and anthropometric measurements were taken. Using conventional Z score indicators, 22.62% of the children were found to be stunted, 43.45% of the children were underweight and wasting was found in 45.83% of the children. Whereas using CIAF, the results were found to be 38.69% (no failure), 11.90% (Only wasting), 23.21% (Wasting and underweight), 11.31% (Wasting, underweight and Stunting), 6.55% (Stunting and underweight) 5.36% (Only stunting) and 2.98% (Only underweight). There was an unacceptably high prevalence of malnutrition among under-five children. Therefore, using CIAF showed better classification of undernutrition than conventional indicators. Also, health institutions at all levels should integrate nutrition as a health component and there is a need to educate the parents to provide age-appropriate energy-rich, locally available and nutritionally balanced food items. Accelerating the reduction in under-5 mortality is possible by expanding effective preventive and curative interventions that target the main causes of undernutrition. This will, in the long run, help in making this nation healthier, stronger, and more prosperous.

scholarly journals Diarrhea Prevention Practice and Associated Factors among Caregivers of Under-Five Children in Enemay District, Northwest Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melese Dubie Agegnehu ◽  
Liknaw Bewket Zeleke ◽  
Yitayal Ayalew Goshu ◽  
Yonas Lamore Ortibo ◽  
Yohannes Mehretie Adinew
Keyword(s):  
Family Size ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Background. Diarrhea is the leading cause of mortality among infants and children younger than 5 years of age in both underdeveloped and developing countries. Factors determining the occurrence of diarrhea in children are complex, and the relative contribution of each factor varies as a function of interaction between socioeconomic, environmental, and behavioral variables. Objectives. To assess diarrhea prevention practice and associated factors of diarrheal disease among caregivers who have under-five children in Enemay district, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods. Community-based cross-sectional study was done from June 1–30, 2018, among 398 caregivers who have under-five children, in the Enemay district that were selected by using the simple random sampling technique. A structured and pretested data collection tool was used to collect the data. Data were entered using EPI DATA version 4.2, and analysis was done using SPSS version 20 statistical package to be cleaned and analyzed. Descriptive analysis was done to describe study participants, and logistic regression (bivariable and multivariable) analysis was done to identify factors that have association with the dependent variable. The P value was less than 0.05. Results. A total of 398 with a response rate of 97% under-five caregivers were participated in this study. Nearly, half (48.7%) of the participants were in the age group 25–34. The study revealed that good practice of diarrhea prevention was 52.8%. This study was also identified that occupation (AOR: 3.922, 95% CI: 1.593, 9.657), family size (AOR: 0.088, 95% CI: 0.009, 0.916), and understanding on diarrhea (AOR: 0.237, 95% CI: 0.091, 0.613) were associated factors of diarrhea prevention practice of under-five children caregivers. Conclusion. This finding showed that diarrhea prevention practice among under-five children caregivers was low and prevention practice was significantly associated with caregivers’ awareness on frequency of diarrhea in a day, occupation, and family size in a house.

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