scholarly journals Candidate drugs for preventive treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246865
Author(s):  
Kampei Shimizu ◽  
Hirotoshi Imamura ◽  
Shoichi Tani ◽  
Hidemitsu Adachi ◽  
Chiaki Sakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Calcium Channel Blockers ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms

Background and purpose Establishment of drug therapy to prevent rupture of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (IAs) is needed. Previous human and animal studies have gradually clarified candidate drugs for preventive treatment of IA rupture. However, because most of these candidates belong to classes of drugs frequently co-administered to prevent cardiovascular diseases, epidemiological studies evaluating these drugs simultaneously should be performed. Furthermore, because drugs included in the same class may have different effects in terms of disease prevention, drug-by-drug assessments are important for planning intervention trials. Materials and methods We performed a cross-sectional study enrolling patients diagnosed with IAs between July 2011 and June 2019 at our institution. Patients were divided into ruptured or unruptured groups. The drugs investigated were selected according to evidence suggested by either human or animal studies. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association of drug treatment with rupture status. We also performed drug-by-drug assessments of the association, including dose-response relationships, with rupture status. Results In total, 310 patients with ruptured and 887 patients with unruptured IAs were included. Multivariate analysis revealed an inverse association of statins (odds ratio (OR), 0.54; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.38–0.77), calcium channel blockers (OR, 0.41; 95% CI 0.30–0.58), and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) (OR, 0.67; 95% CI 0.48–0.93) with ruptured IAs. Moreover, inverse dose-response relationships with rupture status were observed for pitavastatin and rosuvastatin among statins, benidipine, cilnidipine, and amlodipine among calcium channel blockers, and valsartan, azilsartan, candesartan, and olmesartan among ARBs. Only non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were positively associated with ruptured IAs (OR, 3.24; 95% CI 1.71–6.13). Conclusions The present analysis suggests that several types of statins, calcium channel blockers, and ARBs are candidate drugs for preventive treatment of unruptured IAs.

scholarly journals Calcium Channel Blockers Are Associated with Nocturia in Men Aged 40 Years or Older

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1603
Author(s):  
Satoshi Washino ◽  
Yusuke Ugata ◽  
Kimitoshi Saito ◽  
Tomoaki Miyagawa
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Calcium Channel Blockers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Prescription Medications ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Patients

Background: The associations of nocturia with hypertension and anti-hypertensive agents (AHTs) remain to be validated. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined whether blood pressure and/or frequently used classes of AHTs had consistent associations with nocturia. Methods: A total of 418 male patients aged ≥ 40 years were retrospectively assessed in terms of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), prescription medications, and blood pressure. Nocturia was evaluated using item 7 of the IPSS, and two or more episodes of nocturia per night was considered to indicate clinically important nocturia. Results: Patients taking calcium channel blockers (CCBs), but not other AHTs, experienced more episodes of nocturia than patients not taking AHTs (1.77 ± 1.07, 1.90 ± 1.19, and 1.48 ± 0.98 in CCBs alone, CCBs + other AHTs, and other AHTs alone, vs. 1.35 ± 1.08 in not taking AHTs; p = 0.014, p < 0.0001, and p = 0.91, respectively), whereas there was no significant difference in the number of nocturia episodes between patients with elevated and normal blood pressure. In multivariate analysis, CCB (odds ratio (OR) = 2.68, p < 0.0001) and age (OR = 1.06, p < 0.0001) were independently associated with clinically important nocturia. Conclusion: CCB was associated with nocturia, while AHTs other than CCBs and elevated blood pressure were not.

scholarly journals An observational cross-sectional study to determine the effect of telmisartan on reducing microalbuminuria in diabetic hypertensive patients in tertiary care teaching hospital, Central India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 2082
Author(s):  
Santenna Chenchula ◽  
Rupesh Gupta ◽  
Balakrishnan S. ◽  
Akash Vishwe ◽  
Pushparaj Gour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Calcium Channel Blockers ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Urine Albumin ◽  
Receptor Blockers

Background: There are many groups of drugs to decrease microalbuminuria like angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers and direct vasodilators. Among these, ACEI and ARBs are commonly used for this purpose. If side effects occur, ACEI are replaced with ARBs. Many ARBs have been studied for their effect on reducing microalbuminuria, but data on telmisartan with its additional unique properties are scarce in Indian population.Methods: This cross sectional observational study was carried out in a tertiary care centre. We first measured base line urine albumin levels in included patients, 3 months after treatment with telmisartan using ‘hemocue urine albumin analyser’. We collected and compared both baseline and after treatment data of microalbuminuria and analysed in descriptive statistics.Results: A total of 110 patients participated in this study; out of which 10 patients were excluded from the study because they were not available for follow up. As compared to baseline, urine albumin level decreased by 30.42% after 12 weeks treatment with telmisartan (P <0.001).Conclusions: Microalbuminuria is one of the leading cause of end stage renal disease and coronary heart diseases in diabetic hypertensive patients. Drugs like ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin receptor blockers, Calcium channel blockers and direct vasodilators are used to prevent these complications. In this present study, we concluded that telmisartan decreases urine albumin excretion around 30.42% from baseline after 12 weeks of treatment.

scholarly journals Patterns of use of drugs in hypertension in geriatric patients in the department of medicine at tertiary care hospital of Nepal.

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1155-1160
Author(s):  
Binod Raut ◽  
Anjan Khadka
Keyword(s):  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Antihypertensive Drug ◽  
Calcium Channel Blockers ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: In Nepal, the prevalence of hypertensive in elderly population is 41.7% aged 65 years or more.  Hypertension increases with age leading to arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction. The prevalence of hypertension is 20% of urban populations. Blood pressure control with the use of antihypertensive drugs reduces cardiovascular complications in geriatric patients. Objectives: The objective of our study is to know  the various patterns of drugs used in geriatrics hypertensive patient along with their co-morbidities and to know  the most commonly used antihypertensive drug in geriatric patient. Methodology: It was a hospital based cross sectional study involving 130 patients based on non-probability sampling. The study involved the hypertensive elderly patients of age > 65 years prescribed with antihypertensive drugs. Data were collected from patients attending outpatient  department of medicine .    Medical and nursing records were analyzed for patient’s characteristics (e.g. age, gender), systolic and diastolic BP readings, number of drugs, monotherapy, combination therapy, co morbidities. Data were analysed by using SPSS version 20. Results: The total 130 geriatric patients under treatment with antihypertensive drugs were included, in which 55.38% were male and 44.62% were female. The total numbers of antihypertensive drugs prescribed were 212 either as monotherapy or as a component of a combination therapy. The average number of drugs prescribed per patient was found to be 1.66. Among these drugs 56.92% were prescribed as monotherapy,26.92% were prescribed as two drugs combination therapy,12.30% were prescribed as three drugs combination and 3.84% were prescribed as four drugs combination therapy. calcium channel blockers (amlodipine )was the most commonly prescribed antihypertensive. Conclusion: The study showed male patient were more predominant hypertensive compare to female. calcium channel blockers group of drugs in which amlodipine was the most commonly prescribed antihypertensive drug and more than half of the patients were in monotherapy.

scholarly journals Iraqi Dentists' Risk-Based Restorative Treatment Decisions

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatin Abd Al Sattar Aledhari ◽  
Katayoun Sargeran ◽  
Mahdia Gholami ◽  
Ahmad Reza Shamshiri
Keyword(s):  
Continuing Education ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Treatment Decisions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Threshold ◽  
Restorative Treatment ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the decision-making by Iraqi dentists concerning the use of restorations in the treatment of dental caries. Methods:  A cross-sectional study based on a self-administered questionnaire was conducted among 159 dentists who worked in public health sector in Baghdad during summer of 2016. A questionnaire which obtained information on age, attitude, knowledge and barriers, in addition to two scenarios designed to investigate dentists' restorative treatment threshold, was used. Paper patient cases (PPCs) were indicated high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR) patients were also provided. Dentists were asked to point out at when they will start restoration of the teeth according to each PPC. Results: After checking for completeness, 90 questionnaires remained for data analysis. For HR scenario: Dentists with medium and high barrier scores (74.2%), and those with low and medium preventive attitude (78.6%) showed the lower scores in restorative treatment threshold. In LR scenario, we found an interaction between age and other predictors. Dentists ≤40 years old made better preventive decisions. Conclusion: The present study showed that age and good preventive attitude play an important role in making the restorative decision by dentists. Continuing education programs must be provided for Iraqi dentists to improve their preventive treatment decisions.

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