scholarly journals Argentine Black and White Tegu (Salvator merianae) can survive the winter under semi-natural conditions well beyond their current invasive range

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0245877
Author(s):  
Scott M. Goetz ◽  
David A. Steen ◽  
Melissa A. Miller ◽  
Craig Guyer ◽  
Jack Kottwitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Average Length ◽  
The United States ◽  
Winter Dormancy ◽  
Invasive Range ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Southern Florida

The Argentine Black and White Tegu (Salvator merianae, formerly Tupinambis merianae) is a large lizard from South America. Now established and invasive in southern Florida, and it poses threats to populations of many native species. Models suggest much of the southern United States may contain suitable temperature regimes for this species, yet there is considerable uncertainty regarding either the potential for range expansion northward out of tropical and subtropical zones or the potential for the species establishing elsewhere following additional independent introductions. We evaluated survival, body temperature, duration and timing of winter dormancy, and health of wild-caught tegus from southern Florida held in semi-natural enclosures for over a year in Auburn, Alabama (> 900 km northwest of capture location). Nine of twelve lizards emerged from winter dormancy and seven survived the greater-than-one-year duration of the study. Average length of dormancy (176 d) was greater than that reported in the native range or for invasive populations in southern Florida and females remained dormant longer than males. Tegus grew rapidly throughout the study and the presence of sperm in the testes of males and previtellogenic or early vitellogenic follicles in female ovaries at the end of our study suggest the animals would have been capable of reproduction the following spring. The survival and overall health of the majority of adult tegus in our study suggests weather and climate patterns are unlikely to prevent survival following introduction in many areas of the United States far from their current invasive range.

scholarly journals Mapping The Life-History, Development, And Survival of Spotted Lantern Fly In Occupied And Uninvaded Ranges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Louis Maino ◽  
Rafael Schouten ◽  
Jessica C Lye ◽  
Paul A. Umina ◽  
Olivia L. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life History ◽  
South Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Invasive Range ◽  
Temperature Regimes

Abstract The Spotted Lantern Fly (SLF), Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae), is a sap feeding pest native to southeast Asia that has become a global biosecurity threat following invasions into South Korea, Japan, and the United States in the last two decades. Environmental niche modelling has demonstrated considerable potential for further range expansions, including into Australia and Europe. Further analysis on the potential seasonal life-history and survival of this pest in its invasive range can inform monitoring programs and is a next step in biosecurity preparedness. Here, we incorporated eco-physiological information on the development and survival of SLF life stages across temperature regimes. Using gridded climatic data, we then mapped the developmental sequence of SLF across ranges already occupied in China, South Korea, and the United States, as well as uninvaded ranges in Australia and Europe. The model was able to capture global observations of the seasonal appearance of SLF and highlight regional and seasonal vulnerabilities in regions at risk of invasion. Policy makers can use these results to make science-based biosecurity decisions and target preparedness activities through improved life-history predictions in its invasive range.

scholarly journals Inequality in Life Expectancy, Functional Status, and Active Life Expectancy Across Selected Black and White Populations in the United States

Demography ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arline T. Geronimus ◽  
John Bound ◽  
Timothy Waidmann ◽  
Cynthia G. Colen ◽  
Dianne Steffick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Active Life Expectancy ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Active Life

scholarly journals Changes in stillbirth rates among Black and White pregnant women in the United States, 1980-2019

2022 ◽  
Vol 226 (1) ◽  
pp. S774
Author(s):  
Jessica C. Fields ◽  
Justin S. Brandt ◽  
Hillary L. Graham ◽  
Jennifer Zeitlin ◽  
Cande V. Ananth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black And White

Abstract 15: Trends in Atrial Fibrillation-related Cardiovascular Mortality Rates in The United States: 1999-2017

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Tanaka ◽  
Nilay Shah ◽  
Rod Passman ◽  
Philip Greenland ◽  
Sadiya Khan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
White Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Black And White

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in adults and the prevalence is increasing due to the aging of the population and the growing burden of vascular risk factors. Although deaths due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) death have dramatically decreased in recent years, trends in AF-related CVD death has not been previously investigated. Purpose: We sought to quantify trends in AF-related CVD death rates in the United States. Methods: AF-related CVD death was ascertained using the CDC WONDER online database. AF-related CVD deaths were identified by listing CVD (I00-I78) as underlying cause of death and AF (I48) as contributing cause of death among persons aged 35 to 84 years. We calculated age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 population, and examined trends over time estimating average annual percent change (AAPC) using Joinpoint Regression Program (National Cancer Institute). Subgroup analyses were performed to compare AAMRs by sex-race (black and white men and women) and across two age groups (younger: 35-64 years, older 65-84 years). Results: A total of 522,104 AF-related CVD deaths were identified between 1999 and 2017. AAMR increased from 16.0 to 22.2 per 100,000 from 1999 to 2017 with an acceleration following an inflection point in 2009. AAPC before 2009 was significantly lower than that after 2009 [0.4% (95% CI, 0.0 - 0.7) vs 3.5% (95% CI, 3.1 - 3.9), p < 0.001). The increase of AAMR was observed across black and white men and women overall and in both age groups (FIGURE), with a more pronounced increase in black men and white men. Black men had the highest AAMR among the younger decedents, whereas white men had the highest AAMR among the older decedents. Conclusion: This study revealed that death rate for AF-related CVD has increased over the last two decades and that there are greater black-white disparities in younger decedents (<65 years). Targeting equitable risk factor reduction that predisposes to AF and CVD mortality is needed to reduce observed health inequities.

Plessy’s Long Shadow

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derrick Bell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Due Process ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fourteenth Amendment ◽  
Equal Protection ◽  
Political Equality ◽  
Race Riots ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Law

The supreme court’s 1896 Decision in Plessy v. Ferguson served to bring the law into a dismal harmony with the nation’s view of race in life. The Court decided that segregation in public facilities through “separate but equal” accommodations for black citizens would satisfy the equal protection clause in the Fourteenth Amendment. The years since the sporadically enforced policies of Reconstruction ended in 1876 had been hard for those former slaves and their offspring whose slavery had legally ended with the passage of the Thir­teenth Amendment in 1865. To ensure their rights to due process and the equal protection of the law, the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 provided that “all persons born or naturalized in the United States, . . . are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.” Despite legislation intended to provide enforcement of these rights, the laws were poorly enforced and most were subsequently declared unconstitutional. Corrupting law but relying on intimidation and violence, southern governments stripped blacks of political power. Given meaningful if unspoken assurances that the federal government would not protect black civil rights, conservative southerners regained power utilizing racial fear and hatred to break up competing populist groups of poor black and white farmers. In addition to the disenfranchisement of blacks, whites sought to secure their power through intensive anti-Negro propaganda campaigns championing white supremacy. Literary and scientific leaders published tracts and books intended to “prove” the inhumanity of the Negro. In this hostile climate, segregation laws that had made a brief appearance during Reconstruction were revived across the South, accompanied by waves of violence punctuated by an increase in lynchings and race riots. In an effort both to protest the indignity of segregation and challenge its validity, Homer Plessy, acting for a New Orleans civil rights group, attempted to ride in a railroad car reserved for whites. He was arrested and convicted of violating Louisiana’s 1890 segregation law. On appeal, the Supreme Court acknowledged that the Fourteenth Amendment required absolute equality of the two races before the law, adding: “but in the nature of things it could not have been intended to abolish distinctions based upon color, or to enforce social, as distinguished from political equality, or a commingling of the two races upon terms unsatisfactory to either.”

scholarly journals Disparities in insulin resistance between black and white adults in the United States: The role of lifespan stress exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Fuller-Rowell ◽  
Lydia K. Homandberg ◽  
David S. Curtis ◽  
Vera K. Tsenkova ◽  
David R. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Adults

scholarly journals Food Deliveries at Swallow-Tailed Kite Nests in Southern Florida

The Condor ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Meyer ◽  
Steven M. McGehee ◽  
Michael W. Collopy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Incubation Stage ◽  
La Florida ◽  
Southern Florida ◽  
Insect Biomass ◽  
Prey Items

Abstract We studied the diets of nesting Swallow-tailed Kites (Elanoides forficatus) at eight nests in 1988–1989 in southern Florida, where the species reaches its greatest abundance in the United States. Males fed females during the incubation stage an average of 2.1 ± 0.8 times per day. The adults averaged 10.9 ± 4.5 deliveries daily during the nestling stage, and 10.3 ± 12.5 deliveries to young daily following nest departure. Vertebrates comprised 97% of the biomass for the 1092 identifiable prey items delivered to nests. Frogs accounted for 56%, birds 30%, and reptiles 11% of all prey. Numerically, frogs made up 83% of the reptile and amphibian prey. The relative proportions of prey types varied substantially among nests within years, and significantly more snakes and insects were delivered in 1989. Total biomass delivered in 1988 did not differ from that in 1989. Bird biomass, however, was greater in 1988 and insect biomass was greater in 1989. Anoles and snakes were brought to nests in larger numbers during the morning and evening hours; and birds were delivered mainly from midmorning to midafternoon. Entregas de Alimentos en Nidos de Elanoides forficatus en el Sur de Florida Resumen. Durante 1988 y 1989 estudiamos la dieta de los polluelos de Elanoides forficatus en ocho nidos localizados en el sur de la Florida, donde la especie alcanza su mayor abundancia de nidificacion dentro de los Estados Unidos. Durante la incubación, los machos alimentaron a las hembras un promedio de 2.1 ± 0.8 veces por día. Durante la etapa de polluelos, los adultos hicieron un promedio de 10.9 ± 4.5 entregas diarias y un promedio de 10.3 ± 12.5 entregas diarias después de abandonar el nido. Los vertebrados comprendieron el 97% de la biomasa de las 1092 presas identificables entregadas en los nidos. Las ranas constituyeron el 56%, las aves el 30% y los reptiles el 11% del total de las presas. Numéricamente, las ranas constituyeron el 83% de la herpetofauna depredada. Las proporciones relativas de los tipos de presa variaron substancialmente entre los nidos a través de los años, y considerablemente más serpientes e insectos fueron entregados en 1989. La biomasa total entregada durante 1988 no difirió de la observada en 1989. Sin embargo, la biomasa de las aves fue mayor en 1988, mientras que la de los insectos fue mayor en 1989. Las lagartijas y serpientes fueron entregadas a los nidos en mayor cantidad durante las horas de la mañana y de la tarde, mientras que las aves fueron entregadas principalmente desde la mitad de la mañana hasta la mitad de la tarde.

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