scholarly journals Genetic consistency between gait analysis by accelerometry and evaluation scores at breeding shows for the selection of jumping competition horses

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244064
Author(s):  
Anne Ricard ◽  
Bernard Dumont Saint Priest ◽  
Marjorie Chassier ◽  
Margot Sabbagh ◽  
Sophie Danvy
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Stride Frequency ◽  
Relationship Matrix ◽  
Evaluation Scores ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

The aim was to assess the efficiency of gaits characteristics in improving jumping performance of sport horses and confront accelerometers and judge scores for this purpose. A sample of 1,477 young jumping horses were measured using accelerometers for walk, trot, and canter. Of these, 702 were genotyped with 541,175 SNPs after quality control. Dataset of 26,914 horses scored by judges in breeding shows for gaits and dataset of 142,682 horses that performed in jumping competitions were used. Analysis of accelerometric data defined three principal components from 64% to 89% of variability explained for each gait. Animal mixed models were used to estimate genetic parameters with the inclusion to up 308,105 ancestors for the relationship matrix. Fixed effects for the accelerometric variables included velocity, gender, age, and event. A GWAS was performed on residuals with the fixed effect of each SNP. The GWAS did not reveal other QTLs for gait traits than the one related to the height at withers. The accelerometric principal components were highly heritable for the one linked to stride frequency and dorsoventral displacement at trot (0.53) and canter (0.41) and moderately for the one linked to longitudinal activities (0.33 for trot, 0.19 for canter). Low heritabilities were found for the walk traits. The genetic correlations of the accelerometric principal components with the jumping competition were essentially nil, except for a negative correlation with longitudinal activity at canter (-0.19). The genetic correlation between the judges’ scores and the jumping competition reached 0.45 for canter (0.31 for trot and 0.17 for walk). But these correlations turned negative when the scores were corrected for the known parental breeding value for competition at the time of the judging. In conclusion, gait traits were not helpful to select for jumping performances. Different gaits may be suitable for a good jumping horse.

scholarly journals The relationship between body weight and exterior measurements in domestic ostriches during the first four months after hatching

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Andrey Kurtenkov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

It is related leg problems to the realization of the necessity of doing a detailed analysis of the phenotype correlations between body weight and exterior measurements. As a result of the study, lower coefficients have been obtained of the correlation between the girth of the tarso metatarsus on one hand, and the body weight and the girth behind the wings, on the other hand (respectively 0.563 and 0.608), compared with the one between the body weight and the girth behind the wings (0.898). It is advisable in the selection of ostriches to take into consideration the necessity of a higher phenotypic correlation between the girth of the tarso metatarsus on the one hand, and the body weight and the girth behind the wings on the other hand, with a view to preventing leg problems.

18 Genetic and Phenotypic Parameters for Aleutian Disease Tests and Their Correlations with Pelt Quality, Reproductive Performance, Packed-cell Volume, and Harvest Length in Mink

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 8-9
Author(s):  
Guoyu Hu ◽  
Duy Ngoc Do ◽  
Karim Karimi ◽  
Younes Miar
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Aleutian disease (AD) is an untreatable immune complex disease in mink and brings tremendous economic losses to the mink industry globally. The ineffectiveness of culling, immunoprophylaxis, and medical treatment in controlling AD have urged mink farmers to select AD-resilient mink based on the AD tests. However, the genetic analysis of these tests and their correlations with AD-resilient traits have not been investigated. In this study, data on 5,824 mink were used to estimate the genetic and phenotypic parameters of four AD tests, including two systems of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP), and iodine agglutination test (IAT), and their genetic and phenotypic correlations with pelt quality, reproductive performance, packed-cell volume (PCV), and harvest length (HL). Significance (P < 0.05) of fixed effects (sex, year, color type, the number of mating, and dam age), covariates (age at blood sampling and age at harvest), and random effects (additive genetic, permanent environmental, and maternal effects) were determined using univariate models. The genetic and phenotypic parameters for all traits were estimated under bivariate models using ASReml 4.1. Estimated heritabilities (±SE) were 0.39±0.05, 0.61±0.07, 0.11±0.07, and 0.26±0.05 for antigen-based ELISA (ELISA-G), virus capsid protein-based ELISA, CIEP, and IAT, respectively. The ELISA-G showed moderate repeatability (0.58±0.04) and significant (P < 0.05) negative genetic correlations (±SE) with reproductive performance traits (from -0.41±0.16 to -0.49±0.12), PCV (-0.53±0.09), and HL (-0.45±0.16). These results indicated that the selection of mink with a lower ELISA-G score could not only decrease the anti-AMDV antibody level and the extent of anemia but also improve the female reproductive performance and the harvest length of mink without causing adverse influences on the pelt quality. Hence, ELISA-G could be applied as an indicator for genetic selection of AD-resilient mink and help mink farmers reduce the adverse effects of AD.

Present and future relations between ENSO and winter synoptic temperature variability over the Asian-Pacific-American region simulated by CMIP5/6

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-49
Author(s):  
Yuntao Jian ◽  
Marco Y. T. Leung ◽  
Wen Zhou ◽  
Maoqiu Jian ◽  
Song Yang
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Asian Pacific American ◽  
Sst Anomaly ◽  
Asian Pacific ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sst Anomalies ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
American Region

AbstractIn this study, the relationship between ENSO and winter synoptic temperature variability (STV) over the Asian-Pacific-American region is examined in 26 CMIP5/6 model outputs. Compared to observations, most models fail to simulate the correct ENSO-STV relationship in historical simulations. To investigate the possible bias in the ENSO-STV simulations, two possible processes for the connection between ENSO and winter STV are examined in high pattern score (HPS) models and low pattern score (LPS) models, respectively. On the one hand, both HPS and LPS models can overall reproduce a reasonable relationship between STV and the mean-flow conditions supporting extratropical eddy development. On the other hand, only HPS models can well capture the relationship between ENSO and the development of extratropical eddies, while LPS models fail to simulate this feature, indicating that the bias in the simulated ENSO-STV relationship among CMIP5/6 models can be traced back to ENSO simulation. Furthermore, the bias of the ENSO simulation is characterized by an unreasonable SST pattern bias, with an excessive westward extension of warm SST anomalies over the western Pacific and weak warm SST anomalies over the equatorial central-eastern Pacific, resulting in the underestimation of the zonal SST anomaly gradient among models. Therefore, the ENSO pattern bias induces an unrealistic circulation and temperature gradient over the Asian-Pacific-American region, affecting the simulations of the ENSO-STV connection. In addition, the ENSO-STV relationship over the Asian-Pacific-American region is still robust in future projections based on HPS models, providing implications for the selection of future climate predictors.

scholarly journals Analysis of non-genetic and genetic influences underlying the growth of Kajli lambs

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-625
Author(s):  
A. Ali ◽  
K. Javed ◽  
I. Zahoor ◽  
K.M. Anjum
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Season Of Birth ◽  
Genetic Trend ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Birth Type

Data on 2931 Kajli lambs, born from 2007 to 2018, were used to quantify environmental and genetic effects on growth performance of Kajli sheep. Traits considered for evaluation were birth weight (BWT), 120-day adjusted weight (120DWT), 180-day adjusted weight (180DWT), 270-day adjusted weight (270DWT), and 365-day adjusted weight (365DWT). Fixed effects of year of birth, season of birth, sex, birth type, and dam age on these traits were evaluated using linear procedures of SAS, 9.1. Similarly, BWT, 120DWT, 180DWT, and 270DWT were used as fixed effects mixed model analyses. Variance components, heritability and breeding values were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood. The genetic trend for each trait was obtained by regression of the estimated breeding values (EBV) on year of birth. Analyses revealed substantial influence of birth year on all traits. Sex and birth type were the significant sources of variation for BWT and 120DWT. Season of birth did not influence birth weight meaningfully, but had a significant role in the expression of 120DWT, 180DWT, and 270DWT. Heritability estimates were generally low (0.003 ± 0.018 to 0.099 ± 0.067) for all traits. With the exception of the genetic correlation of 180DWT and 365DWT, the genetic correlations between trait were strong and positive. Only 365DWT had a positive genetic trend. Although the heritability estimates for almost all weight traits were low, high and positive genetic correlations between BWT and other weight traits suggest that selection based on BWT would result in the improvement of other weight traits as a correlated response.Keywords: bodyweight, breeding value, genetic correlation, sheep

scholarly journals Selection of a suitable data set and model for the estimation of genetic parameters of the weaning weight in beef cattle

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 562-574
Author(s):  
L. Vostrý ◽  
J. Přibyl ◽  
Z. Veselá ◽  
V. Jakubec
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Estimation Of Genetic Parameters ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. The objective of this paper was to select a suitable data subset and statistical model for the estimation of genetic parameters for weaning weight of beef cattle in the Czech Republic. Nine subsets were tested for the selection of a suitable subset. The subsets differed from each other in the limit of sampling criteria. The most suitable subset satisfied these conditions: at least 5 individuals per each sire, 5 individuals per HYS (herd, year, season), 2 sires per HYS, and individuals per dams that have at least one half-sister and two offspring (n = 4 806). The selection of a suitable model was carried out from 10 models. These models comprised some of the random effects: direct genetic effect, maternal genetic effect, permanent maternal environment effect, HYS, sire × herd or sire × year interaction, and some of the fixed effects: dam’s age, sex (young bull, heifer × single, twin born), HYS, year, herd. The direct heritability (h2a) ranged from 0.06 to 0.17, of maternal heritability (h2m) from 0.03 to 0.06. The genetic correlations between the direct and maternal effect (ram) were in the range of –0.15 –0.42.

scholarly journals Application of Low Coverage Genotyping by Sequencing in Selectively Bred Arctic Charr (Salvelinus alpinus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2069-2078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Palaiokostas ◽  
Shannon M. Clarke ◽  
Henrik Jeuthe ◽  
Rudiger Brauning ◽  
Timothy P. Bilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Genomic Relationship Matrix ◽  
Relationship Matrix ◽  
Genomic Relationship ◽  
Value Estimation ◽  
Low Coverage

Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) is a species of high economic value for the aquaculture industry, and of high ecological value due to its Holarctic distribution in both marine and freshwater environments. Novel genome sequencing approaches enable the study of population and quantitative genetic parameters even on species with limited or no prior genomic resources. Low coverage genotyping by sequencing (GBS) was applied in a selected strain of Arctic charr in Sweden originating from a landlocked freshwater population. For the needs of the current study, animals from year classes 2013 (171 animals, parental population) and 2017 (759 animals; 13 full sib families) were used as a template for identifying genome wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). GBS libraries were constructed using the PstI and MspI restriction enzymes. Approximately 14.5K SNPs passed quality control and were used for estimating a genomic relationship matrix. Thereafter a wide range of analyses were conducted in order to gain insights regarding genetic diversity and investigate the efficiency of the genomic information for parentage assignment and breeding value estimation. Heterozygosity estimates for both year classes suggested a slight excess of heterozygotes. Furthermore, FST estimates among the families of year class 2017 ranged between 0.009 – 0.066. Principal components analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) were applied aiming to identify the existence of genetic clusters among the studied population. Results obtained were in accordance with pedigree records allowing the identification of individual families. Additionally, DNA parentage verification was performed, with results in accordance with the pedigree records with the exception of a putative dam where full sib genotypes suggested a potential recording error. Breeding value estimation for juvenile growth through the usage of the estimated genomic relationship matrix clearly outperformed the pedigree equivalent in terms of prediction accuracy (0.51 opposed to 0.31). Overall, low coverage GBS has proven to be a cost-effective genotyping platform that is expected to boost the selection efficiency of the Arctic charr breeding program.

scholarly journals Breeding value for type traits in beef cattle in theCzech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Veselá ◽  
J. Přibyl ◽  
P. Šafus ◽  
L. Vostrý ◽  
K. Šeba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Production Type ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Method Of Evaluation ◽  
Range Of Values

The type was evaluated in 5 424 young animals of twelve beef breeds. Ten type traits were evaluated: height at sacrum (HS), body length (BL), live weight (LW), front chest width (CW), chest depth (CD), pelvis (P), shoulder muscling (SM), back muscling (BM), rump muscling (RM) and production type (PT). The traits represent two groups: (1) traits scoring body measurements and body capacity (HS, BL, LW, CW, CD, P) and (2) traits scoring muscling (SM, BM, RM, PT). These fixed effects were included in the model: breed, sex, HYS, mother&rsquo;s age, linear regression on age at evaluation and average gain from birth to evaluation. Fixed effects in the model explained 40% to 60% of variability. The highest values of heritability coefficient were estimated for HS (h<sup>2</sup> = 0.51) and LW (h<sup>2</sup> = 0.50). BL had the lowest values of heritability coefficient (h<sup>2</sup> = 0.25). The values h<sup>2</sup> = 0.25&ndash;0.32 were calculated for the traits scoring body capacity (CW, CD, P). The range of values for muscling traits was h<sup>2</sup>&nbsp;= 0.26&ndash;0.35. The coefficient of heritability for PT was h<sup>2</sup> = 0.34. All traits scoring muscling and PT showed high genetic correlations (r<sub>g</sub> &gt; 0.95). The traits scoring body capacity (P, CW, CD) were highly genetically correlated with muscling r<sub>g</sub> &gt; 0.83. Breeding values were determined by a multi-trait animal model. Standard deviations of breeding values were higher in HS (s<sub>BV</sub> = 0.71) and LW (s<sub>BV</sub> = 0.84), which was connected with a different method of evaluation of these traits. They were in the range of 0.19 (BL) to 0.30 (RM) in the other traits. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Does Gender Diversity Affect the Environmental Performance of Banks?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 10172
Author(s):  
Clara Gallego-Sosa ◽  
Yakira Fernández-Torres ◽  
Milagros Gutiérrez-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Women Directors ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Board Gender Diversity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity today. Therefore, all segments of society must act together to stop the deterioration of the planet and the depletion of its resources. The business sector must play an active role in acting responsibly toward the environment. Given the importance of this issue, major efforts have been made to analyze the environmental performance of the most polluting sectors. In contrast, other sectors that are also of great interest due to their contribution to sustainable development, such as the banking sector, have been overlooked. Notable factors conditioning performance include aspects of corporate governance such as gender diversity. However, the empirical evidence reveals a lack of consensus regarding the influence of women directors on corporate environmental performance. This background motivates the study of the commitment of the banking sector to reducing their environmental impact and the analysis the influence of board gender diversity on environmental performance. Data for the period 2009 to 2018 on 52 banks from the most polluting Western regions were studied using descriptive statistics and fixed effects econometric estimation to test the relationship between a selection of relevant variables. The key conclusions are that banks are committed to protecting the environment and that there are no significant differences between banks’ commitment to the planet on the basis of board gender diversity.

LA CULTURA LABORAL: UNA MIRADA PARA LOS DIFERENTES CONTEXTOS DE SOCIALIZACIÓN

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Laura Mendoza Tauler ◽  
Alberto Leyva Figueredo ◽  
Orlando Martínez Cuba
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Educational Community ◽  
General Sense ◽  
The Social ◽  
Teachers Beliefs ◽  
Responsible Attitude ◽  
Alternative Work ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

LABOR CULTURE: A LOOK AT THE DIFFERENT CONTEXTS OF SOCIALIZATIONRESUMENEl resultado que se presenta constituye una alternativa de trabajo para fortalecer el desarrollo de la cultura laboral desde la selección misma de los contenidos que deben ser aprendidos, y que incluye los significados que son transmitidos históricamente, las normas, los valores, el actuar diario de los estudiantes y docentes, las creencias, las ceremonias y las tradiciones compartidas por todos los miembros de la comunidad educativa. Se requiere, por tanto, que los estudiantes muestren una actitud laboriosa y responsable ante las tareas que se les encomiendan, valoren la importancia del trabajo del hombre y del suyo propio, manifiesten respeto y admiración por los oficios y profesiones más necesarias; en sentido general que se preparen para la vida. No constituye un resultado acabado, pues al encontrarnos ante un fenómeno polisémico como el que se está investigando se requiere del trabajo investigativo desde la relación con la significación social, práctica e individual que tienen los estudiantes desde el desarrollo de las actividades laborales.PALABRAS CLAVE: cultura laboral, contextos de socializaciónABSTRACTThe result presented is an alternative work to strengthen the development of the labor culture from the selection of the contents to be learned, which includes the meanings that are transmitted historically, norms, values, daily action of Students and teachers, beliefs, ceremonies and traditions shared by all members of the educational community. It is therefore necessary that the students show a laborious and responsible attitude to the tasks entrusted to them, to value the importance of the work of the man and of his own, to show respect and admiration for the most necessary professions and professions; In the general sense that they prepare for life. It is not a finished result, because when faced with a polysemic phenomenon such as the one being investigated requires research work from the relationship with the social, practical and individual significance that students have since the development of work activities.KEYWORDS: labor culture, contexts of socialization.

scholarly journals Restricting coancestry and inbreeding at a specific position on the genome by using optimized selection

2008 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. ROUGHSEDGE ◽  
R. PONG-WONG ◽  
J.A. WOOLLIAMS ◽  
B. VILLANUEVA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Random Selection ◽  
Relationship Matrix ◽  
Numerator Relationship Matrix ◽  
Specific Position ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

SummaryOver recent years, selection methodologies have been developed to allow the maximization of genetic gain whilst constraining the rate of inbreeding. The desired rate of inbreeding is achieved by constraining the group coancestry using the numerator relationship matrix computed from pedigree. It is shown that when the method is applied to mixed inheritance models, where a QTL is segregating together with polygenes, the rate of inbreeding achieved in the region around a QTL is greater than the desired level. The constraint on group coancestry at specific positions around the QTL is achieved by using a relationship matrix computed from pedigree and genetic markers. However, the rate of inbreeding realized at the position of constraint is lower than that expected given the assumed relationship between group coancestry and the subsequent rate of inbreeding. The use of markers in the calculation of the relationship matrix allows the selection of candidates with very low or zero relationships because they are homozygous for alternative alleles, which results in a heterozygosity amongst their offspring higher than would be expected given their allele frequencies. A generation of random selection restored the expected relationship between group coancestry and inbreeding.

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