scholarly journals Living in the dark: Bat caves as hotspots of fungal diversity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243494
Author(s):  
Aline O. B. Cunha ◽  
Jadson D. P. Bezerra ◽  
Thays G. L. Oliveira ◽  
Eder Barbier ◽  
Enrico Bernard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Taxa Richness ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Fungal Abundance ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
First Time

Bat caves are very special roosts that harbour thousands of bats of one or more species. Such sites may hold an incredible “dark fungal diversity” which is still underestimated. We explored the culturable fungal richness in the air, on bats, and in the guano in a bat cave in Brazil’s Caatinga dry forest. Fungal abundance was 683 colony-forming units (CFU) in the guano, 673 CFU in the air, and 105 CFU on the bats. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analysis of ITS, LSU, and TUB2 sequences, fungal isolates of 59 taxa belonging to 37 genera in the phyla Ascomycota (28 genera, including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Talaromyces), Basidiomycota (eight genera, including Rhodotorula and Schizophyllum), and Mucoromycota (only Rhizopus) were identified. The fungal richness in the air was 23 taxa (especially Aspergillus taxa), mainly found at 15 m and 45 m from the cave entrance; on the bodies of bats it was 36 taxa (mainly Aspergillus taxa), especially on their wing membranes (21 taxa, nine of which were exclusively found in this microhabitat); and in guano 10 fungal taxa (especially Aspergillus and Penicillium) were found. The fungal richness associated with guano (fresh and non-fresh) was similar from bats with different eating habits (insectivorous, frugivorous, and haematophagous). Sampling effort was not sufficient to reveal the total fungal taxa richness estimated. Eight (21.6%) of the 37 genera and 17 (53.1%) of the 32 identified fungal species are reported for the first time in caves. Our results highlight bat caves in Brazil as hotspots of fungal diversity, emphasizing the need to protect such special roosts.

scholarly journals Morphological and Molecular Confirmation of Four Undescribed Oleaginous Species of Mortierella from Libya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuzia Elfituri Muftah Eltariki ◽  
Kartikeya Tiwari ◽  
Mohammed Abdelfatah Alhoot
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mortierella Alpina ◽  
Single Cell Oil ◽  
North East ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
First Time

Abstract A large number of undiscovered fungal species still exist on earth, which can be useful for the bioprospecting particularly the single cell oil (SCO) production. The present research study confirms four oleaginous fungal isolates from Libyan soil. These isolates (Barcoded as MSU-101, MSU-201, MSU-401 and MSU-501) were discovered and reported first time from diverse soil samples of district Aljabal Al-Akhdar in North-East Libya and fall in the class: Zygomycetes; order: Mortierellales. From the morphological and phylogenetic analysis, these isolates were identified and found as closest match with Mortierella alpina species. The present research study provides insight to the unseen fungal diversity and contributes to more comprehensive Mortierella alpina reference collections worldwide.

scholarly journals First report of Penicillium brasilianum Bat., P. cluniae Quintan., and P. echinulonalgiovense S. Abe ex Houbraken & R.N. Barbosa (Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae) as endophytes from a bromeliad in the Caatinga dry forest in Brazil

Check List ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1055-1061
Author(s):  
Karla T.L.S. Freire ◽  
Gianne R. Araújo-Magalhães ◽  
Sandy S. Nascimento ◽  
Laura M. Paiva ◽  
Renan N. Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Species Determination ◽  
Beta Tubulin ◽  
First Report ◽  
Typical Morphology ◽  
Phenotypic Features ◽  
First Time ◽  
Penicillium Brasilianum

Penicillium brasilianum Bat., P. cluniae Quintan., and P. echinulonalgiovense S. Abe ex Houbraken & R.N. Barbosa are reported for the first time as endophytes from the leaves of an endemic bromeliad in the Caatinga dry forest in Brazil. For species determination, phenotypic features were analysed along with the sequencing of the β-tubulin and calmodulin genes. Penicillium Link isolates obtained in this study showed the typical morphology of species in the Lanata-Divaricata section. These results contributed to increase the knowledge of fungal diversity in dry environments in the word.

scholarly journals Timber Degrading Fungi in Sawmills of Gujarat, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
N. Praveen Kumar ◽  
Arun Arya
Keyword(s):  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Acacia Nilotica ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Teak Wood ◽  
Daldinia Concentrica ◽  
First Time

Timer decay is caused by primarily enzymatic activities of microorganisms. For the first time fungal diversity of timber degrading fungi was studied in Gujarat, India. Timber Degrading Fungi belonging to Aphyllophorales are economically important as many of these cause serious damage in sawmills of Gujarat. To find out the association of the timber degrading fungi and timber decay problems in sawmills a survey was conducted during 2007 to 2011 in different sawmills of 5 districts of Gujarat i.e. Vadodara, Ahmedabad, Bharuch, Rajkot and Jamnagar. In the present study teak wood present in sawmills was infected with 14 types of fungi in which Lenzites sterioides and Trametes versicolor damaged the wood severely was reported for the first time. In all 94 sawmills were surveyed, the 28 sawmills were from Vadodara, 29 from Ahmedabad, 12 from Bharuch, 21 from Rajkot and 4 from Jamnagar. Out of 94 sawmills survyed, 84 sawmills were having timber rotting fungi associated with wood. Maximum fifteen and thirteen fungal species were observed in saw mills of Chhani road, followed by 11 in Station road, 7 in Dhabhoi road and 6 in Harni, Vadodara. Fours woods uninfected are Beyo, Marinty, Ash, and Arjun. Fourteen different types of fungi were found associated with teak, followed by seven in pinus, madhuca, Acacia nilotica, six in babul, neem, four in tamarind, Pithacoelobium and three in mango, Eucalyptus, African Mahagoni, Kapoor, Peltophoram rouxburghii, Derris pinnata wood respectively. The commonly observed timber decaying fungi were Schizophyllum commune, Flavodon flavus and Ganoderma lucidum belonging to Basidiomycota. Ascomycota members included was Daldinia concentrica and Xylaria polymorpha.

scholarly journals Fungal communities associated with symptomatic leaves of naranjilla (Solanum quitoense Lam.) in the Ecuadorian Amazon region

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Fernanda Dávila ◽  
Wagner Chaves-Acuña ◽  
Jeniffer Yánez
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Ecuadorian Amazon ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
First Time ◽  
Isolated Species

Fungal isolates were recovered from symptomatic leaves of naranjilla Solanum quitoense Lam. sampled in Pastaza province, an important production region in eastern Ecuadorian Amazon. Filamentous fungi were identified with molecular methods based on ITS and ribosomal DNA sequencing. Among 68 recorded fungi, the isolation of mycobiota resulted in 14 taxa. Diaporthe citri, D. schini, and Xylaria berteri were the most frequently isolated species. To our knowledge more than 90 % of taxa recovered in this study are reported for the first time in S. quitoense. Diversity indexes suggest that symptomatic tissues represent a moderately diverse reservoir for fungal species. The latter may act as a significant source of novel molecules with agronomic and pharmaceutical properties considering their capacity to survive within unhealthy foliar tissues. We also expect this study to facilitate the enforcement of biological control measures in Neotropical crops of commercial interest.

Preliminary analysis of amplicon high-throughput sequencing as a method for the assessment of fungal diversity in discolored wood

Holzforschung ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 793-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingxia Ma ◽  
Mingliang Jiang ◽  
Junliang Liu ◽  
Hao Deng ◽  
Shuangyong Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Quantitative Relation ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Analysis ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe diversity of stain fungi is important if wood is inhabited with various fungi, and the discoloration mechanism will be better understood. MiSeq amplicon high-throughput sequencing (Illumina®) is able to detect species richness (the number of species within a community) and species evenness (the sizes of species populations within a community). This study detected fungal diversity in discolored Mongolian pine for the first time by the MiSeq approach, focusing on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS1). The results show that the discolored wood was inhabited by a combination of microorganisms, more than 90% of which belong toAscomycotafungi at the phylum level. The MiSeq method revealed not only all the inhabited fungal species but also their quantitative relation to each other. The dominant fungal species in sample A areHelotiales(34.1%) andHypocreales(20.7%). The dominant fungal species in sample B isNectriaceae(67.9%), whileHypocrea(34.7%) andSporothrix(27.6%) are the dominant fungal species in sample C. It was confirmed via core microbiome analysis that the following fungi were common stain fungi in the three discolored samples:Fusariumspp.,Aspergillusspp.,Sporothrixspp.,Penicilliumspp.,Trichodermaspp.,Alternariaspp. andCladophialophoraspp.

New records of ascomycetes (Ascomycota) from the Tula Region

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 187-202
Author(s):  
T. Yu. Svetasheva ◽  
E. S. Popov ◽  
E. A. Muravyova
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
New Records ◽  
Voucher Specimen ◽  
First Time ◽  
Specimen Number

This paper is the next one in the series of publications devoted to fungal diversity of the Tula Region. The checklist contains data on 94 species and includes data on location, habitat, substrate and voucher specimen number. 85 species are recorded for the first time for the Tula Region. The record of Otidea flavidobrunneola is the first for Russia.

scholarly journals Microbial Communities, Metabolites, Fermentation Quality and Aerobic Stability of Whole-Plant Corn Silage Collected from Family Farms in Desert Steppe of North China

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 784
Author(s):  
Chao Wang ◽  
Lin Sun ◽  
Haiwen Xu ◽  
Na Na ◽  
Guomei Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
North China ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Lactobacillus Kefiri

Whole-plant corn silages on family farms were sampled in Erdos (S1), Baotou (S2), Ulanqab (S3), and Hohhot (S4) in North China, after 300 d of ensiling. The microbial communities, metabolites, and aerobic stability were assessed. Lactobacillusbuchneri, Acinetobacter johnsonii, and unclassified Novosphingobium were present at greater abundances than others in S2 with greater bacterial diversity and metabolites. Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus parafarraginis, Lactobacillus kefiri, and unclassified Lactobacillus accounted for 84.5%, and 88.2%, and 98.3% of bacteria in S1, S3, and S4, respectively. The aerobic stability and fungal diversity were greater in S1 and S4 with greater abundances of unclassified Kazachstania, Kazachstania bulderi, Candida xylopsoci, unclassified Cladosporium, Rhizopus microspores, and Candida glabrata than other fungi. The abundances of unclassified Kazachstania in S2 and K. bulderi in S3 were 96.2% and 93.6%, respectively. The main bacterial species in S2 were L. buchneri, A. johnsonii, and unclassified Novosphingobium; Lactobacillus sp. dominated bacterial communities in S1, S3, and S4. The main fungal species in S1 and S4 were unclassified Kazachstania, K. bulderi, C. xylopsoci, unclassified Cladosporium, R. microspores, and C. glabrata; Kazachstania sp. dominated fungal communities in S2 and S3. The high bacterial diversity aided the accumulation of metabolites, and the broad fungal diversity improved the aerobic stability.

Ophiostomatoid Fungi Associated with Cryphalus Piceae in Shandong province in eastern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runlei Chang ◽  
Xiuyu Zhang ◽  
Hongli Si ◽  
Guoyan Zhao ◽  
Xiaowen Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Isolated Species

Abstract Cryphalus piceae parasitizes various economically important conifers. Similar to other bark beetles, C. picea vectors an assortment of fungi and nematodes. Previously, several ophiostomatoid fungi were isolated from C. piceae in Poland and Japan. In the present study, we explored the diversity of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with C. piceae infesting pines in the Shandong Province of China. We isolated ophiostomatoid fungi from both galleries and beetles collected from our study sites. These fungal isolates were identified using both molecular and morphological data. Through this study, we recovered 176 isolates of ophiostomatoid fungi representing at least seven species. Ophiostoma ips was the most frequently isolated species. Analyses of molecular and morphological data indicated four of the ophiostomatoid fungal species recovered in this study were previously undescribed. Hereby, we described these species as Ceratocystiopsis yantaiensis sp. nov., C. weihaiensis sp. nov., Graphilbum translucens sp. nov. and Sporothrix villosa sp. nov. A majority of the ophiostomatoid fungi recovered in this study were novel species. This suggests that the forests in China harbour an assortment of undescribed ophiostomatoid fungi yet to be discovered.

Screening and Identification of Laccase Producing Fungi from Environmental Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
A. Bello ◽  
◽  
J. B. Ameh ◽  
D. A. Machido ◽  
A. I. Mohammed-Dabo
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Main Campus ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Screening And Identification ◽  
Decaying Wood

Laccases are oxidases with broad substrate specificity and ability to oxidize various phenolic and non-phenolic compounds. This study was carried out to isolate and characterizes laccase producing fungi from environment samples. Soil and decaying wood samples were collected from different locations within Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Main campus. Suspensions of the samples (1 g in 10 mL sterile distilled water) were serially diluted, inoculated onto Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) containing 0.01% Chloramphenicol and incubated for 7 days at 30oC.The fungal isolates were characterized macroscopically and microscopically with the aid of an atlas. The identified fungal isolates were screened for laccase production by inoculating onto PDA containing 0.02% Guaiacol, 1mM ABTS (2 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 0.5% Tannic acid as indicator compounds and incubated at 250C for 7 days. The laccase producing isolates were confirmed molecularly by ITS rDNA sequence analysis using the FASTA algorithm with the Fungus database from the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI).A total of 25 fungal species (11 from soil and 14 from decaying wood samples) were isolated. Two isolates from the soil origin identified as Curvularia lunata SSI7 (Accession No. QIE06317.1) and Fusarium clade VII SSI3 (Accession No. GQ505677) were found to produce laccase where Curvularia lunata SSI7 was able to oxidize all the indicator compounds used for the screening. Fusarium clade VII SSI3 was able to oxidize only 0.5% Tannic acid. Laccase producing Curvularia lunata and Fusarium clade VII were isolated from soil samples collected from ABU Zaria Main Campus. Keywords: laccase, fungi, soil, decaying wood

scholarly journals Different Amplicon Targets for Sequencing-Based Studies of Fungal Diversity

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca De Filippis ◽  
Manolo Laiola ◽  
Giuseppe Blaiotta ◽  
Danilo Ercolini
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Ecology ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Mock Community

ABSTRACT Target-gene amplicon sequencing is the most exploited high-throughput sequencing application in microbial ecology. The targets are taxonomically relevant genes, with 16S rRNA being the gold standard for bacteria. As for fungi, the most commonly used target is the internal transcribed spacer (ITS). However, the uneven ITS length among species may promote preferential amplification and sequencing and incorrect estimation of their abundance. Therefore, the use of different targets is desirable. We evaluated the use of three different target amplicons for the characterization of fungal diversity. After an in silico primer evaluation, we compared three amplicons (the ITS1-ITS2 region [ITS1-2], 18S ribosomal small subunit RNA, and the D1/D2 domain of the 26S ribosomal large subunit RNA), using biological samples and a mock community of common fungal species. All three targets allowed for accurate identification of the species present. Nevertheless, high heterogeneity in ITS1-2 length was found, and this caused an overestimation of the abundance of species with a shorter ITS, while both 18S and 26S amplicons allowed for more reliable quantification. We demonstrated that ITS1-2 amplicon sequencing, although widely used, may lead to an incorrect evaluation of fungal communities, and efforts should be made to promote the use of different targets in sequencing-based microbial ecology studies. IMPORTANCE Amplicon-sequencing approaches for fungi may rely on different targets affecting the diversity and abundance of the fungal species. An increasing number of studies will address fungal diversity by high-throughput amplicon sequencing. The description of the communities must be accurate and reliable in order to draw useful insights and to address both ecological and biological questions. By analyzing a mock community and several biological samples, we demonstrate that using different amplicon targets may change the results of fungal microbiota analysis, and we highlight how a careful choice of the target is fundamental for a thorough description of the fungal communities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document