scholarly journals Variations in the Circle of Willis in a large population sample using 3D TOF angiography: The Tromsø Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars B. Hindenes ◽  
Asta K. Håberg ◽  
Liv Hege Johnsen ◽  
Ellisiv B. Mathiesen ◽  
David Robben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Circle Of Willis ◽  
Large Population Sample

scholarly journals Variations in the Circle of Willis in a large population sample using 3D TOF angiography: The Tromsø Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars B. Hindenes ◽  
Asta K. Håberg ◽  
Liv Hege Johnsen ◽  
Ellisiv B. Mathiesen ◽  
David Robben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Circle Of Willis ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Large Population Sample ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractThe main arteries that supply blood to the brain originate from the Circle of Willis (CoW). The CoW exhibit considerable anatomical variations which may have clinical importance, but the variability is insufficiently characterised in the general population. We assessed the anatomical variability of CoW variants in a community-dwelling sample (N = 1,864, 874 men, mean age = 65.4, range 40 – 87 years), and independent and conditional frequencies of the CoW’s artery segments. CoW segments were classified as present or missing/hypoplastic (w/1mm diameter threshold) on 3T time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography images. We also examined whether age and sex were associated with CoW variants. We identified 47 unique CoW variants, of which five variants constituted 68.5% of the sample. The complete variant was found in 11.9% of the subjects, and the most common variant (27.8%) was missing both posterior communicating arteries. Conditional frequencies showed patterns of interdependence across most missing segments in the CoW. CoW variants were associated with mean-split age (P = .0147), and there was a trend showing more missing segments with increasing age. We found no association with sex (P = .0526). Our population study reinforced age as associated with CoW variants, suggesting reduced collateral supply with older age.

scholarly journals Cognitive Abilities in the Wild: Population-scale game-based cognitive assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads Kock Pedersen ◽  
Carlos Mauricio Castaño Díaz ◽  
Mario Alejandro Alba-Marrugo ◽  
Ali Amidi ◽  
Rajiv Vaid Basaiwmoit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
The Social ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Large Population Sample ◽  
Key Questions ◽  
Unique Dataset

Psychology and the social sciences are undergoing a revolution: It has become increasingly clear that traditional lab-based experiments fail to capture the full range of differences in cognitive abilities and behaviours across the general population. Some progress has been made toward devising measures that can be applied at scale across individuals and populations. What has been missing is a broad battery of validated tasks that can be easily deployed, used across different age ranges and social backgrounds, and employed in practical, clinical, and research contexts. Here, we present Skill Lab, a game-based approach allowing the efficient assessment of a suite of cognitive abilities. Skill Lab has been validated outside the lab in a crowdsourced population-size sample recruited in collaboration with the Danish Broadcast Company (Danmarks Radio, DR). Our game-based measures are five times faster to complete than the equivalent traditional measures and replicate previous findings on the decline of cognitive abilities with age in a large population sample. Furthermore, by combining the game data with an in-game survey, we demonstrate that this unique dataset has implication for key questions in social science, challenging the Jack-of-all-Trades theory of entrepreneurship and provide evidence for risk preference being independent of executive functioning.

scholarly journals Visual impairment and blindness in the Xingu Indigenous Park – Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Gustavo Fernandes ◽  
Monica Alves ◽  
Roberta Andrade e Nascimento ◽  
Natalia Yumi Valdrighi ◽  
Rafael Cunha de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Large Population Sample

Abstract Background Most estimates of visual impairment and blindness worldwide do not include data from specific minority groups as indigenous populations. We aimed to evaluate frequencies and causes of visual impairment and blindness in a large population sample from the Xingu Indigenous Park. Methods Cross-sectional study performed at Xingu Indigenous Park, Brazil, from 2016 to 2017. Residents from 16 selected villages were invited to participate and underwent a detailed ocular examination, including uncorrected (UVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). The main cause of UVA < 20/32 per eye was determined. Results A total of 2,099 individuals were evaluated. Overall, the frequency of visual impairment and blindness was 10.00% (95% CI: 8.72–11.29%) when considering UVA, decreasing to 7.15% (95% CI: 6.04–8.25%) when considering BCVA. For each increasing year on age, the risk  of being in the visually impaired or blind category increased by 9% (p < 0.001). Cataracts (39.1%) and uncorrected refractive errors (29.1%) were the most frequent causes of visual impairment and blindness in this population. The main causes among those aged 45 years and more were cataracts (54.5%) while refractive errors were the main cause in adults aged 18 to 45 years (50.0%) and children up to 18 years old (37.1%). Conclusions A higher frequency of visual impairment and blindness was observed in the indigenous population when compared to worldwide estimates with most of the causes being preventable and/or treatable. Blindness prevention programs should focus on accessibility to eye exam, cataract surgeries and eyeglass distribution.

[OP.1A.10] CIRCULATING LEVELS OF PCSK9 AND ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN A LARGE POPULATION SAMPLE

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. e3-e4
Author(s):  
A.F.G. Cicero ◽  
M. Ruscica ◽  
N. Ferri ◽  
F. Fogacci ◽  
M. Rosticci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Large Population Sample
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