scholarly journals Comparison of MR findings of acute traumatic peripheral nerve injury and acute compressive neuropathy in a rat model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0240911
Author(s):  
Bo Ra Kim ◽  
Dong-Ho Ha ◽  
Jong Kuk Kim ◽  
Young Hee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Crush Injury ◽  
Compression Injury ◽  
Mr Neurography ◽  
Injury Site ◽  
Compressive Neuropathy ◽  
Injury Group

Purpose The treatment strategy is different for acute traumatic peripheral nerve injury and acute compressive neuropathy. This study aimed to compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of acute traumatic peripheral nerve injury and acute compressive neuropathy in a rat model. Materials and methods Twenty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups. In the crush injury group (n = 10), the unilateral sciatic nerve was crushed using forceps to represent acute traumatic peripheral nerve injury. In the compression injury group (n = 10), the unilateral sciatic nerve was ligated using silk to represent acute compressive neuropathy. The MRI of eight rats from each group were acquired on postoperative days 3 and 10. Fat-suppressed T2-weighted images were acquired. Changes in the injured nerve were divided into three grades. A Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the changes in the nerves of the two groups. Histological staining and a western blot analysis were performed on one rat in each group on day 3. Neurofilament, myelin basic protein (MBP), and p75NTR staining were performed. Expression of neurofilament, MBP, p75NTR, and c-jun was evaluated by western blot analysis. Results MR neurography revealed substantial nerve changes in the compression injury group compared with the crush injury group at two-time points (p = 0.001 on day 3, p = 0.026 on day 10). The histopathological analysis indicated the destruction of the axon and myelin, mainly at the injury site and the distal portion of the injury in the crush injury group. It was prominent in the proximal portion, the injury site, and the distal portion of the injury in the compression injury group. The degree of axonal and myelin destruction was more pronounced in the compression injury group than in the crush injury group. Conclusion MR neurography showed prominent and long-segmental changes associated with the injured nerve in acute compressive neuropathy compared with acute traumatic peripheral nerve injury.

scholarly journals Reduced Renshaw Recurrent Inhibition after Neonatal Sciatic Nerve Crush in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Liang Shu ◽  
Jingjing Su ◽  
Lingyan Jing ◽  
Ying Huang ◽  
Yu Di ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Recurrent Inhibition ◽  
Crush Injury ◽  
Sciatic Nerve Crush ◽  
Nerve Crush ◽  
Nerve Crush Injury

Renshaw recurrent inhibition (RI) plays an important gated role in spinal motion circuit. Peripheral nerve injury is a common disease in clinic. Our current research was designed to investigate the change of the recurrent inhibitory function in the spinal cord after the peripheral nerve crush injury in neonatal rat. Sciatic nerve crush was performed on 5-day-old rat puppies and the recurrent inhibition between lateral gastrocnemius-soleus (LG-S) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) motor pools was assessed by conditioning monosynaptic reflexes (MSR) elicited from the sectioned dorsal roots and recorded either from the LG-S and MG nerves by antidromic stimulation of the synergist muscle nerve. Our results demonstrated that the MSR recorded from both LG-S or MG nerves had larger amplitude and longer latency after neonatal sciatic nerve crush. The RI in both LG-S and MG motoneuron pools was significantly reduced to virtual loss (15–20% of the normal RI size) even after a long recovery period upto 30 weeks after nerve crush. Further, the degree of the RI reduction after tibial nerve crush was much less than that after sciatic nerve crush indicatig that the neuron-muscle disconnection time is vital to the recovery of the spinal neuronal circuit function during reinnervation. In addition, sciatic nerve crush injury did not cause any spinal motor neuron loss but severally damaged peripheral muscle structure and function. In conclusion, our results suggest that peripheral nerve injury during neonatal early development period would cause a more sever spinal cord inhibitory circuit damage, particularly to the Renshaw recurrent inhibition pathway, which might be the target of neuroregeneration therapy.

Neuroprotective potential of erythropoietin and darbepoetin alfa in an experimental model of sciatic nerve injury

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Grasso ◽  
Francesco Meli ◽  
Vincenzo Fodale ◽  
Gioacchino Calapai ◽  
Michele Buemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Darbepoetin Alfa ◽  
Placebo Treatment ◽  
Sciatic Nerve Injury ◽  
Crush Injury ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Compound Muscle Action Potentials

Object The objectives of this study were to examine whether the systemic administration of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) and its long-lasting derivative darbepoetin alfa expedited functional recovery in a rat model of sciatic nerve injury, and to compare the effects of these agents in the model. Methods Thirty male Sprague–Dawley rats received a crush injury to the left sciatic nerve and subsequently underwent either placebo treatment, daily injections of rHuEPO, or weekly injections of darbepoetin alfa. Results Both rHuEPO and darbepoetin alfa were effective in reducing neurological impairment and improving compound muscle action potentials following nerve injury. Darbepoetin alfa, however, shortened the duration of peripheral nerve recovery and facilitated recovery from the neurological and electrophysiological impairment following crush injury significantly better than rHuEPO. Examination of the footprint length factor data revealed that darbepoetin alfa–treated animals recovered preinjury function by postoperative Day 10, 4 days earlier than animals treated with rHuEPO and 11 days earlier than animals treated with placebo. Conclusions These results suggest that recovery of neurological function in a model of peripheral nerve injury is more rapid with weekly administration of darbepoetin alfa than with daily rHuEPO treatment. Agents that facilitate nerve regeneration have the potential to limit the extent of motor endplate loss and muscle atrophy. The administration of EPO in its long-lasting recombinant forms affords significant neuroprotection in peripheral nerve injury models and may hold promise for future clinical applications.

scholarly journals Lack of correlation between spinal microgliosis and long-term development of tactile hypersensitivity in two different sciatic nerve crush injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 174480692110113
Author(s):  
Hyoung Woo Kim ◽  
Chan Hee Won ◽  
Seog Bae Oh
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Crush Injury ◽  
Sciatic Nerve Crush

Microglia activation following peripheral nerve injury has been shown to contribute to central sensitization of the spinal cord for the development of neuropathic pain. In a recent study, we reported that the amount of nerve damage does not necessarily correlate with chronic pain development. Here we compared the response of spinal microglia, using immunohistochemistry as a surrogate of microglial activation, in mice with two different types of crush injury of the sciatic nerve. We confirmed that incomplete crush of the sciatic nerve (partial crush injury, PCI) resulted in tactile hypersensitivity after the recovery of sensory function (15 days after surgery), whereas the hypersensitivity was not observed after the complete crush (full crush injury, FCI). We observed that immunoreactivity for Iba-1, a microglial marker, was greater in the ipsilateral dorsal horn of lumbar (L4) spinal cord of mice 2 days after FCI compared to PCI, positively correlating with the intensity of crush injury. Ipsilateral Iba-1 reactivity was comparable between injuries at 7 days with a significant increase compared to the contralateral side. By day 15 after injury, ipsilateral Iba-1 immunoreactivity was much reduced compared to day 7 and was not different between the groups. Our results suggest that the magnitude of the early microgliosis is dependent on injury severity, but does not necessarily correlate with the long-term development of chronic pain-like hypersensitivity after peripheral nerve injury.

Changes in Muscle Cytoarchitecture after Peripheral Nerve Injury and Repair

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
A-J. CARTER ◽  
F. KRISTMUNDSDOTTIR ◽  
J. GILMOUR ◽  
M. A. GLASBY
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Crush Injury ◽  
Injury And Repair ◽  
Type Of Injury

The aim of this study was to assess the changes which occurred in the rat in target muscles after the injury and repair of a specific peripheral nerve, using several clinically-appropriate surgical techniques. There were alterations in the size, shape, morphology and cytochemical architecture of the fibres of the target muscles. These changes were marked when transection and repair of the nerve was compared with the less-severe crush injury. The method of repair did not correlate significantly with the occurrence of changes in muscle cytoarchitecture. The results suggest that the extent of cell loss and the changes in muscle fibre architecture were influenced by the type of injury, rather than by the method of repair.

Recruitment by SDF-1α of CD34-positive cells involved in sciatic nerve regeneration

2012 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meei-Ling Sheu ◽  
Fu-Chou Cheng ◽  
Hong-Lin Su ◽  
Ying-Ju Chen ◽  
Chun-Jung Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Neurological Function ◽  
Crush Injury ◽  
Local Application ◽  
Angiogenesis Factors

Object Increased integration of CD34+ cells in injured nerve significantly promotes nerve regeneration, but this effect can be counteracted by limited migration and short survival of CD34+ cells. SDF-1α and its receptor mediate the recruitment of CD34+ cells involved in the repair mechanism of several neurological diseases. In this study, the authors investigate the potentiation of CD34+ cell recruitment triggered by SDF-1α and the involvement of CD34+ cells in peripheral nerve regeneration. Methods Peripheral nerve injury was induced in 147 Sprague-Dawley rats by crushing the left sciatic nerve with a vessel clamp. The animals were allocated to 3 groups: Group 1, crush injury (controls); Group 2, crush injury and local application of SDF-1α recombinant proteins; and Group 3, crush injury and local application of SDF-1α antibody. Electrophysiological studies and assessment of regeneration markers were conducted at 4 weeks after injury; neurobehavioral studies were conducted at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after injury. The expression of SDF-1α, accumulation of CD34+ cells, immune cells, and angiogenesis factors in injured nerves were evaluated at 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 days after injury. Results Application of SDF-1α increased the migration of CD34+ cells in vitro, and this effect was dose dependent. Crush injury induced the expression of SDF-1α, with a peak of 10–14 days postinjury, and this increased expression of SDF-1α paralleled the deposition of CD34+ cells, expression of VEGF, and expression of neurofilament. These effects were further enhanced by the administration of SDF-1α recombinant protein and abolished by administration of SDF-1α antibody. Furthermore, these effects were consistent with improvement in measures of neurological function such as sciatic function index, electrophysiological parameters, muscle weight, and myelination of regenerative nerve. Conclusions Expression of SDF-1α facilitates recruitment of CD34+ cells in peripheral nerve injury. The increased deposition of CD34+ cells paralleled significant expression of angiogenesis factors and was consistent with improvement of neurological function. Utilization of SDF-1α for enhancing the recruitment of CD34+ cells involved in peripheral nerve regeneration may be considered as an alternative treatment strategy in peripheral nerve disorders.

Endogenous glucocorticoids improve myelination via Schwann cells after peripheral nerve injury: Anin vivostudy using a crush injury model

Glia ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. NA-NA ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinsuke Morisaki ◽  
Mayumi Nishi ◽  
Hiroyoshi Fujiwara ◽  
Ryo Oda ◽  
Mitsuhiro Kawata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Injury ◽  
Crush Injury ◽  
Injury Model
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