scholarly journals Path integration in large-scale space and with novel geometries: Comparing vector addition and encoding-error models

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e1007489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevan K. Harootonian ◽  
Robert C. Wilson ◽  
Lukáš Hejtmánek ◽  
Eli M. Ziskin ◽  
Arne D. Ekstrom
Keyword(s):  
Path Integration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Space ◽  
Error Models ◽  
Vector Addition

scholarly journals Path integration in large-scale space and with novel geometries: Comparing Vector Addition and Encoding-Error Models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Harootonian ◽  
R. C. Wilson ◽  
L. Hejtmánek ◽  
E. M. Ziskin ◽  
A. D. Ekstrom
Keyword(s):  
Path Integration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Scale Space ◽  
Simple Explanation ◽  
Vector Addition ◽  
Current Location ◽  
Spatial Geometry ◽  
Homing Vector

AbstractPath integration is thought to rely on vestibular and proprioceptive cues yet most studies in humans involve primarily visual input, providing limited insight into their contributions. We developed a paradigm involving walking in an omnidirectional treadmill in which participants were guided on two legs of a triangle and then found their back way to origin. In Experiment 1, we tested a range of different triangle types while keeping distance relatively constant to determine the influence of spatial geometry. Participants overshot the angle they needed to turn and undershot the distance they needed to walk, with no consistent effect of triangle type. In Experiment 2, we manipulated distance while keeping angle relatively constant to determine how path integration operated over both shorter and longer distances. Participants underestimated the distance they needed to walk to the origin, with error increasing as a function of the walked distance. To attempt to account for our findings, we developed computational models involving vector addition, the second of which included terms for the influence of past trials on the current one. We compared against a previously developed model of human path integration, the Encoding Error model. We found that the vector addition models captured the tendency of participants to under-encode guided legs of the triangles and an influence of past trials on current trials. Together, our findings expand our understanding of body-based contributions to human path integration, further suggesting the value of vector addition models in understanding these important components of human navigation.Author SummaryHow do we remember where we have been? One important mechanism for doing so is called path integration, which refers to the ability to track one’s position in space with only self-motion cues. By tracking the direction and distance we have walked, we can create a mental arrow from the current location to the origin, termed the homing vector. Previous studies have shown that the homing vector is subject to systematic distortions depending on previously experienced paths, yet what influences these patterns of errors, particularly in humans, remains uncertain. In this study, we compare two models of path integration based on participants walking two legs of a triangle without vision and then completing the third leg based on their estimate of the homing vector. We found no effect of triangle shape on systematic errors, while path length scaled the systematic errors logarithmically, similar to Weber-Fechner law. While we show that both models captured participant’s behavior, a model based on vector addition best captured the patterns of error in the homing vector. Our study therefore has important implications for how humans track their location, suggesting that vector-based models provide a reasonable and simple explanation for how we do so.

Capture Strategy Based on a Distributed Control System for a Large-scale Space End-Effector

ROBOT ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dangyang JIE ◽  
Fenglei NI ◽  
Yisong TAN ◽  
Hong LIU ◽  
Hegao CAI
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Distributed Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Space ◽  
Distributed Control System ◽  
End Effector

Progressive Large Scale-Invariant Image Matching in Scale Space

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Siyu Zhu ◽  
Tianwei Shen ◽  
Jinglu Wang ◽  
Tian Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Matching ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Space ◽  
Scale Invariant

Scaling Analyses for Large-Scale Space-Based Membrane Optics

AIAA Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1313-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Shepherd ◽  
Richard G. Cobb ◽  
Anthony N. Palazotto ◽  
William P. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Space ◽  
Scaling Analyses

Piezoelectric polymers actuators for precise shape control of large scale space antennas

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Chen ◽  
Don Natale ◽  
Bret Neese ◽  
Kailiang Ren ◽  
Minren Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Space ◽  
Piezoelectric Polymers ◽  
Space Antennas ◽  
Precise Shape

Technological Imaginaries, Feasibilities, Syndromes, and Catastrophes

Dark Skies ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 104-142
Author(s):  
Daniel Deudney
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Scale Space ◽  
Technology Governance ◽  
Existential Risk ◽  
Space Colonization ◽  
Space Activities

Space expansionism, science fiction, and space developments are intimately linked. SF from Verne, Wells, and others inspires space expansionists, and SF is shaped by space discoveries. SF makes space expansionism seem plausible but is often unbound by scientific possibility. An assessment of building block, life-engineering, and transformative technologies reveals that large-scale space activities are becoming more feasible, but creating enclosed ecologies, geo-engineering and terraforming remain doubtful. Anticipating the consequences of new technologies (technology assessment) remains difficult. Technology governance is plagued by recalcitrant syndromes. Theorists of catastrophic and existential risk view space colonization as necessary to escape a long list of possible major calamities (including hostile artificial superintelligence and misused genetic engineering for improved humans, called transhumanism). Human survival increasingly depends on competent futurism and social capacities to steer technology with reversals, regulations, and relinquishments, but these are difficult to establish and maintain. Can vital arrangements of restraint survive large-scale space expansion?

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