scholarly journals Reconstruction of the Gene Regulatory Network Involved in the Sonic Hedgehog Pathway with a Potential Role in Early Development of the Mouse Brain

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e1003884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhua Liu ◽  
Xuelong Wang ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Haifang Wang ◽  
Gang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulatory Network ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Hedgehog Pathway ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog Pathway ◽  
Gene Regulatory

scholarly journals Region-specific RNA m 6 A methylation represents a new layer of control in the gene regulatory network in the mouse brain

Open Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 170166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengqi Chang ◽  
Hongyi Lv ◽  
Weilong Zhang ◽  
Chunhui Ma ◽  
Xue He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Gene Regulatory Network ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Methylation Site ◽  
Rna Methylation ◽  
Target Mrnas ◽  
Gene Regulatory ◽  
The Brain

N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) is the most abundant epitranscriptomic mark found on mRNA and has important roles in various physiological processes. Despite the relatively high m 6 A levels in the brain, its potential functions in the brain remain largely unexplored. We performed a transcriptome-wide methylation analysis using the mouse brain to depict its region-specific methylation profile. RNA methylation levels in mouse cerebellum are generally higher than those in the cerebral cortex. Heterogeneity of RNA methylation exists across different brain regions and different types of neural cells including the mRNAs to be methylated, their methylation levels and methylation site selection. Common and region-specific methylation have different preferences for methylation site selection and thereby different impacts on their biological functions. In addition, high methylation levels of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) target mRNAs suggest that m 6 A methylation is likely to be used for selective recognition of target mRNAs by FMRP in the synapse. Overall, we provide a region-specific map of RNA m 6 A methylation and characterize the distinct features of specific and common methylation in mouse cerebellum and cerebral cortex. Our results imply that RNA m 6 A methylation is a newly identified element in the region-specific gene regulatory network in the mouse brain.

scholarly journals The tolerance to hypoxia is defined by a time-sensitive response of the gene regulatory network in sea urchin embryos

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majed Layous ◽  
Lama Khalaily ◽  
Tsvia Gildor ◽  
Smadar Ben-Tabou de-Leon
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulatory Network ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Oxygen Level ◽  
Sea Urchin Embryo ◽  
Tolerance To Hypoxia ◽  
Vegf Pathway ◽  
Gene Regulatory

AbstractDeoxygenation, the reduction of oxygen level in the oceans induced by global warming and anthropogenic disturbances, is a major threat to marine life. This change in oxygen level could be especially harmful to marine embryos that utilize endogenous hypoxia and redox gradients as morphogens during normal development. Here we show that the tolerance to hypoxic conditions changes between different developmental stages of the sea urchin embryo, due to the structure of the gene regulatory networks (GRNs). We demonstrate that during normal development, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway restricts the activity of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway to two lateral domains and by that controls proper skeletal patterning. Hypoxia applied during early development strongly perturbs the activity of Nodal and BMP pathways that affect VEGF pathway, dorsal-ventral (DV) and skeletogenic patterning. These pathways are largely unaffected by hypoxia applied after DV axis formation. We propose that the use of redox and hypoxia as morphogens makes the sea urchin embryo highly sensitive to environmental hypoxia during early development, but the GRN structure provides higher tolerance to hypoxia at later stages.Summary statementThe use of hypoxia and redox gradients as morphogens makes sea urchin early development sensitive to environmental hypoxia. This sensitivity decreases later, due to the structure of the gene regulatory network.

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