scholarly journals Cryptic surface-associated multicellularity emerges through cell adhesion and its regulation

PLoS Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. e3001250
Author(s):  
Jordi van Gestel ◽  
Andreas Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Kin Recognition ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Primitive Cell ◽  
Repeated Evolution ◽  
Lineage Tracking ◽  
Sessile Organisms

The repeated evolution of multicellularity leads to a wide diversity of organisms, many of which are sessile, including land plants, many fungi, and colonial animals. Sessile organisms adhere to a surface for most of their lives, where they grow and compete for space. Despite the prevalence of surface-associated multicellularity, little is known about its evolutionary origin. Here, we introduce a novel theoretical approach, based on spatial lineage tracking of cells, to study this origin. We show that multicellularity can rapidly evolve from 2 widespread cellular properties: cell adhesion and the regulatory control of adhesion. By evolving adhesion, cells attach to a surface, where they spontaneously give rise to primitive cell collectives that differ in size, life span, and mode of propagation. Selection in favor of large collectives increases the fraction of adhesive cells until a surface becomes fully occupied. Through kin recognition, collectives then evolve a central-peripheral polarity in cell adhesion that supports a division of labor between cells and profoundly impacts growth. Despite this spatial organization, nascent collectives remain cryptic, lack well-defined boundaries, and would require experimental lineage tracking technologies for their identification. Our results suggest that cryptic multicellularity could readily evolve and originate well before multicellular individuals become morphologically evident.

scholarly journals Controlled spatial organization of bacterial clusters reveals cell filamentation is vital for Xylella fastidiosa biofilm formation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silambarasan Anbumani ◽  
Aldeliane M. da Silva ◽  
Eduarda R. Fischer ◽  
Mariana de Souza e Silva ◽  
Antonio A.G. von Zuben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Morphogenesis ◽  
Cell Clusters ◽  
Filamentous Cell

The morphological plasticity of bacteria to form filamentous cells commonly represents an adaptive strategy induced by stresses. In contrast, for diverse pathogens filamentous cells have been observed during biofilm formation, with function yet to be elucidated. To identify prior hypothesized quorum sensing as trigger of such cell morphogenesis, spatially controlled cell adhesion is pivotal. Here, we demonstrate highly-selective cell adhesion of the biofilm-forming phytopathogen Xylella fastidiosa to gold-patterned SiO2 substrates with well-defined geometries and dimensions. The consequent control of both cell density and distances between cell clusters using these patterns provided evidence of quorum sensing governing filamentous cell formation. While cell morphogenesis is induced by cell cluster density, filamentous cell growth is oriented towards neighboring cell clusters and distance-dependent; large interconnected cell clusters create the early biofilm structural framework. Together, our findings and investigative platform could facilitate therapeutic developments targeting biofilm formation mechanisms of X. fastidiosa and other pathogens.

Genome-level responses to the environment: plant desiccation tolerance

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana A. Silva Artur ◽  
Maria-Cecília D. Costa ◽  
Jill M. Farrant ◽  
Henk W.M. Hilhorst
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Reproductive Tissues ◽  
Genome Level ◽  
Sessile Organisms

Abstract Plants being sessile organisms are well equipped genomically to respond to environmental stressors peculiar to their habitat. Evolution of plants onto land was enabled by the ability to tolerate extreme water loss (desiccation), a feature that has been retained within genomes but not universally expressed in most land plants today. In the majority of higher plants, desiccation tolerance (DT) is expressed only in reproductive tissues (seeds and pollen), but some 135 angiosperms display vegetative DT. Here, we review genome-level responses associated with DT, pointing out common and yet sometimes discrepant features, the latter relating to evolutionary adaptations to particular niches. Understanding DT can lead to the ultimate production of crops with greater tolerance of drought than is currently realized.

Hierarchical thermoplastic rippled nanostructures regulate Schwann cell adhesion, morphology and spatial organization

Nanoscale ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (39) ◽  
pp. 14861-14874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Masciullo ◽  
Rossana Dell'Anna ◽  
Ilaria Tonazzini ◽  
Roman Böettger ◽  
Giancarlo Pepponi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Nerve Repair

Hierarchical rippled nanotopographies are produced in PET. The effects of these nano-ripples on Schwann Cells are studied for nerve-repair applications.

PKC-θ selectively controls the adhesion-stimulating molecule Rap1

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (12) ◽  
pp. 4617-4627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Letschka ◽  
Veronika Kollmann ◽  
Christa Pfeifhofer-Obermair ◽  
Christina Lutz-Nicoladoni ◽  
Gerald J. Obermair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Small Gtpase ◽  
Intercellular Interaction

Abstract The antigen-specific interaction of a T cell with an antigen-presenting cell (APC) results in the formation of an immunologic synapse (IS) between the membranes of the 2 cells. β2 integrins on the T cell, namely, leukocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) and its counter ligand, namely, immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) on the APC, critically stabilize this intercellular interaction. The small GTPase Rap1 controls T-cell adhesion through modulating the affinity and/or spatial organization of LFA-1; however, the upstream regulatory components triggered by the T-cell receptor (TCR) have not been resolved. In the present study, we identified a previously unknown function of a protein kinase C-θ (PKC-θ)/RapGEF2 complex in LFA-1 avidity regulation in T lymphocytes. After T-cell activation, the direct phosphorylation of RapGEF2 at Ser960 by PKC-θ regulates Rap1 activation as well as LFA-1 adhesiveness to ICAM-1. In OT-II TCR-transgenic CD4+ T cells, clustering of LFA-1 after antigen activation was impaired in the absence of PKC-θ. These data define that, among other pathways acting on LFA-1 regulation, PKC-θ and its effector RapGEF2 are critical factors in TCR signaling to Rap1. Taken together, PKC-θ sets the threshold for T-cell activation by positively regulating both the cytokine responses and the adhesive capacities of T lymphocytes.

scholarly journals The Kinetics of Cell Adhesion to Solid Scaffolds: An Experimental and Theoretical Approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. O. Doagă ◽  
T. Savopol ◽  
M. Neagu ◽  
A. Neagu ◽  
E. Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Kinetics Of

Protein Adsorption on Detonation Nanodiamond/Polymer Composite Layers

2012 ◽  
Vol 1479 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Lilyana D. Pramatarova ◽  
Todor A. Hikov ◽  
Natalia A. Krasteva ◽  
Peter Petrik ◽  
Raina P. Dimitrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Plasma Polymerization ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Uv Spectroscopy ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Detonation Nanodiamond ◽  
Composite Layers

ABSTRACTComposite layers of the detonation nanodiamond/polymer type possess a spatial organization of components with new structural features and physical properties, as well as complex functions due to the strong synergistic effects between the nanoparticles and polymer [1]. Composite layers were deposited by a plasma polymerization (PP) process of the detonation nanodiamond (DND) particles added to a hexamethyl disiloxan (HMDS) monomer [1]. The incorporation of silver ions in the polymer leads to the production of materials that are highly efficient against bacterial colonization and allows better cell adhesion and spreading. [2] For cell culture processes, fibronectin (FN) treatment is one of the commonly used approaches to enhance the cell adhesion on a surface [3].As an integrated part of our search for improved materials for life science applications such as biomaterials and biosensors, the objective of the present study is to investigate the interaction of Ag-based composite surfaces with FN protein. Two types of composite layers, Ag-ND/PPHMDS and Ag-nano/PPHMDS were obtained by plasma polymerization of HMDS and nanoparticles of Ag and Ag-DND. The composite layers are representative of the different incorporation of the Ag in the polymer net. The structures studied, consisting of composite layers with adsorbed FN were optically characterized with Ellipsometry, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Ultra Violet (UV) Spectroscopy as well as by stylus profiling (Talysurf). The kinetic study of the FN adsorption indicates that the process depends on the FN concentration and the exposure time as well as on the surface chemistry of the composites. Compared to the reference sample, all composite layers exhibit an indication of a stronger ability to initiate the intrinsic pathway of coagulation.

scholarly journals Rigidity-Patterned Polyelectrolyte Films to Control Myoblast Cell Adhesion and Spatial Organization

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (27) ◽  
pp. 3432-3442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Monge ◽  
Naresh Saha ◽  
Thomas Boudou ◽  
Cuauhtemoc Pózos-Vásquez ◽  
Virginie Dulong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Myoblast Cell

scholarly journals A theoretical approach to understand spatial organization in complex ecologies

2016 ◽  
Vol 403 ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Roman ◽  
Debanjan Dasgupta ◽  
Michel Pleimling
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Spatial Organization

Spatial organization of microfilaments and vitronectin receptor, alpha v beta 3, in osteoclasts. A study using confocal laser scanning microscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.T. Lakkakorpi ◽  
M.H. Helfrich ◽  
M.A. Horton ◽  
H.K. Vaananen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Bone Surface ◽  
Vitronectin Receptor

The primary function of the osteoclast is that of the major cell mediating bone resorption. They are actively migrating cells but during resorption they polarize to form a specialized tight attachment structure, the sealing zone, adjacent to the mineralized bone matrix. The processes of adhesion to, and migration on, bone involves cell adhesion molecules, integrins, interacting with their ligands in bone. We have used confocal microscopy to analyse, in rat osteoclasts cultured on bone and glass substrata, the distribution of vitronectin receptor, the major integrin of osteoclasts, and cytoskeletal proteins that it may be linked to. Double staining for F-actin and vinculin, and for vinculin with talin, revealed that cytoskeletal organization differs at various activation states of osteoclasts. Microfilament structures were flat, of 1.5 microns size, and concentrated near the bone surface. The vitronectin receptor was localized both in the basolateral membrane (away from the bone surface) and in the ruffled border (adjacent to bone) in osteoclasts cultured on bone, but was detected mainly in the basolateral membrane when cultured on glass. The vitronectin receptor appeared to be condensed on small microvilli-like projections on the basolateral membrane of osteoclasts on either bone or glass and may provide a route for alternative signalling pathways to modify osteoclast behaviour, other than by influencing cell adhesion directly. The leading edges of migrating osteoclasts, and the attachment structure, a broad vinculin band, which forms before bone resorption, also expressed vitronectin receptor, particularly when the antibody against the alpha v subunit was used.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document