scholarly journals D1- and D2-like receptors differentially mediate the effects of dopaminergic transmission on cost–benefit evaluation and motivation in monkeys

PLoS Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. e3001055
Author(s):  
Yukiko Hori ◽  
Yuji Nagai ◽  
Koki Mimura ◽  
Tetsuya Suhara ◽  
Makoto Higuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Dopaminergic Transmission ◽  
R And D ◽  
Benefit Evaluation ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Reward Amount ◽  
Fundamental Insight ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior

It has been widely accepted that dopamine (DA) plays a major role in motivation, yet the specific contribution of DA signaling at D1-like receptor (D1R) and D2-like receptor (D2R) to cost–benefit trade-off remains unclear. Here, by combining pharmacological manipulation of DA receptors (DARs) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, we assessed the relationship between the degree of D1R/D2R blockade and changes in benefit- and cost-based motivation for goal-directed behavior of macaque monkeys. We found that the degree of blockade of either D1R or D2R was associated with a reduction of the positive impact of reward amount and increasing delay discounting. Workload discounting was selectively increased by D2R antagonism. In addition, blocking both D1R and D2R had a synergistic effect on delay discounting but an antagonist effect on workload discounting. These results provide fundamental insight into the distinct mechanisms of DA action in the regulation of the benefit- and cost-based motivation, which have important implications for motivational alterations in both neurological and psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals Differential Contribution of Dopaminergic Transmission at D1- and D2-like Receptors to Cost/Benefit Evaluation for Motivation in Monkeys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Hori ◽  
Yuji Nagai ◽  
Koki Mimura ◽  
Tetsuya Suhara ◽  
Makoto Higuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography Imaging ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Dopaminergic Transmission ◽  
R And D ◽  
Benefit Evaluation ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Reward Amount ◽  
Fundamental Insight ◽  
The Cost

AbstractIt has been widely accepted that dopamine (DA) plays a major role in motivation, yet the specific contribution of DA signaling at D1-like receptor (D1R) and D2-like receptor (D2R) to cost-benefit trade-off remains unclear. Here, by combining pharmacological manipulation of DA receptors (DARs) and positron emission tomography imaging, we assessed the relationship between the degree of D1R/D2R blockade and changes in benefit- and cost-based motivation for goal-directed behavior of macaque monkeys. We found that the degree of blockade of either D1R or D2R was associated with a reduction of relative incentive effect of reward amount, where D2R blockade had a stronger effect. Workload-discounting was selectively increased by D2R antagonism, whereas delay-discounting was similarly increased after D1R and D2R blockades. These results provide fundamental insight into the specific actions of DARs in the regulation of the cost/benefit trade-off and important implications for motivational alterations in both neurological and psychiatric disorders.

The cost–benefit evaluation based on ecosystem services under different ecological restoration scenarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingqi Li ◽  
Shiliang Liu ◽  
Yixuan Liu ◽  
Yongxiu Sun ◽  
Fangfang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Evaluation ◽  
The Cost

Multivariable Automatisierungsentscheidungen*/Multivariate automation decisions – A tool for cost-benefit assessments as a basis for decision-making

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (03) ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
P. Burggräf ◽  
J. Wagner ◽  
M. Dannapfel ◽  
K. Müller ◽  
B. Koke
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Cost And Benefit ◽  
Benefit Evaluation ◽  
Level Of Automation

Der wachsende Bedarf an Wandlungsfähigkeit führt zu einer höheren Frequenz in der Umplanung von Montagesystemen und erfordert eine kontinuierliche Überprüfung und Anpassung des Automatisierungsgrades. Um auch die komplexen Umgebungsbedingungen abzubilden, sollen nicht-monetäre Faktoren in den Entscheidungsprozess eingebunden werden. Um die Entscheidung zu unterstützen, stellt dieser Beitrag ein Tool zur Identifizierung und Bewertung von Automatisierungsszenarien mittels einer Nutzwert-Aufwand-Analyse vor.   The increasing need for adaptability in assembly leads to a higher planning frequency of the system and requires continuous checks and adaptations of the appropriate level of automation. To account for the complex environmental conditions, non-monetary factors are included in the decision-making process. This paper presents a decision support tool to identify and evaluate automation scenarios by means of cost and benefit evaluation.

Retailer-Customers Relationships in the Online Setting

2014 ◽  
pp. 404-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Castaldo ◽  
Monica Grosso
Keyword(s):  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Benefit Evaluation ◽  
Online Setting ◽  
Potential Customers ◽  
The Web

Internet merchants are compelled to collect personal information from customers in order to deliver goods and services effectively. However, the ease with which data can be acquired and disseminated across the Web has led to many potential customers demonstrating growing concerns about disclosing personal information. This chapter analyzes the interaction between two strategies that firms can use to alter potential customers' cost/benefit evaluation and increase information disclosure: the development of initial trust and compensation. The derived hypotheses are tested by means of two experimental studies, whose findings are compared across two different consumer target groups.

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