scholarly journals Genetic and functional diversification of chemosensory pathway receptors in mosquito-borne filarial nematodes

PLoS Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. e3000723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas J. Wheeler ◽  
Zachary W. Heimark ◽  
Paul M. Airs ◽  
Alexis Mann ◽  
Lyric C. Bartholomay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversification ◽  
Filarial Nematodes ◽  
Chemosensory Pathway

scholarly journals Genetic and functional diversification of chemosensory pathway receptors in mosquito-borne filarial nematodes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas J Wheeler ◽  
Zachary W Heimark ◽  
Paul M Airs ◽  
Alexis Mann ◽  
Lyric C Bartholomay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Sensory Receptor ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Functional Diversification ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Filarial Nematodes ◽  
Infectious Stage

AbstractLymphatic filariasis (LF) afflicts over 60 million people worldwide and leads to severe pathological outcomes in chronic cases. The nematode parasites (Nematoda: Filarioidea) that cause LF require both arthropod (mosquito) intermediate hosts and mammalian definitive hosts for their propagation. The invasion and migration of filarial worms through host tissues are complex and critical to survival, yet little is known about the receptors and signaling pathways that mediate directed migration in these medically important species. In order to better understand the role of chemosensory signaling in filarial worm taxis, we employ comparative genomics, transcriptomics, reverse genetics, and chemical approaches to identify putative chemosensory receptor proteins and perturb chemotaxis phenotypes in filarial worms. We find that chemoreceptor family size is correlated with the presence of environmental (extra-host) stages in nematode life cycles, and that filarial worms contain a compact and highly-diverged chemoreceptor complement and lineage-specific ion channels that are predicted to operate downstream of chemoreceptor activation. In Brugia malayi, an etiological agent of LF, chemoreceptor expression patterns correspond to distinct parasite migration events across the life cycle. To interrogate the role of chemosensation in the migration of larval worms, arthropod infectious stage (microfilariae) and mammalian infectious stage (L3) Brugia parasites were incubated in nicotinamide, an agonist of the nematode transient receptor potential (TRP) channel OSM-9. Exposure of microfilariae to nicotinamide alters intra-mosquito migration while exposure of L3s reduces chemotaxis towards host-associated cues in vitro. Nicotinamide also potently modulates thermosensory responses in L3s, suggesting a polymodal sensory role for Brugia osm-9. Reverse genetic studies implicate both Brugia osm-9 and the cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel subunit tax-4 in larval chemotaxis towards host serum, and these ion channel subunits rescue sensory defects in C. elegans osm-9 and tax-4 knock-out strains. Together, these data reveal genetic and functional diversification of chemosensory signaling proteins in filarial worms, and encourage a more thorough investigation of clade and parasite-specific facets of nematode sensory receptor biology.

Functional diversification of sea lamprey globins in evolution and development

2018 ◽  
Vol 1866 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Fago ◽  
Kim Rohlfing ◽  
Elin E. Petersen ◽  
Agnieszka Jendroszek ◽  
Thorsten Burmester
Keyword(s):  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Functional Diversification ◽  
Evolution And Development

scholarly journals Alternative splicing during mammalian organ development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel V. Mazin ◽  
Philipp Khaitovich ◽  
Margarida Cardoso-Moreira ◽  
Henrik Kaessmann
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Organ Development ◽  
Functional Diversification ◽  
Mammalian Genomes ◽  
Species Comparisons ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

AbstractAlternative splicing (AS) is pervasive in mammalian genomes, yet cross-species comparisons have been largely restricted to adult tissues and the functionality of most AS events remains unclear. We assessed AS patterns across pre- and postnatal development of seven organs in six mammals and a bird. Our analyses revealed that developmentally dynamic AS events, which are especially prevalent in the brain, are substantially more conserved than nondynamic ones. Cassette exons with increasing inclusion frequencies during development show the strongest signals of conserved and regulated AS. Newly emerged cassette exons are typically incorporated late in testis development, but those retained during evolution are predominantly brain specific. Our work suggests that an intricate interplay of programs controlling gene expression levels and AS is fundamental to organ development, especially for the brain and heart. In these regulatory networks, AS affords substantial functional diversification of genes through the generation of tissue- and time-specific isoforms from broadly expressed genes.

scholarly journals Androgen and glucocorticoid receptor direct distinct transcriptional programs by receptor-specific and shared DNA binding sites

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 3856-3875
Author(s):  
Marina Kulik ◽  
Melissa Bothe ◽  
Gözde Kibar ◽  
Alisa Fuchs ◽  
Stefanie Schöne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Functional Diversification ◽  
Enhancer Activity ◽  
Sequence Composition

Abstract The glucocorticoid (GR) and androgen (AR) receptors execute unique functions in vivo, yet have nearly identical DNA binding specificities. To identify mechanisms that facilitate functional diversification among these transcription factor paralogs, we studied them in an equivalent cellular context. Analysis of chromatin and sequence suggest that divergent binding, and corresponding gene regulation, are driven by different abilities of AR and GR to interact with relatively inaccessible chromatin. Divergent genomic binding patterns can also be the result of subtle differences in DNA binding preference between AR and GR. Furthermore, the sequence composition of large regions (>10 kb) surrounding selectively occupied binding sites differs significantly, indicating a role for the sequence environment in guiding AR and GR to distinct binding sites. The comparison of binding sites that are shared shows that the specificity paradox can also be resolved by differences in the events that occur downstream of receptor binding. Specifically, shared binding sites display receptor-specific enhancer activity, cofactor recruitment and changes in histone modifications. Genomic deletion of shared binding sites demonstrates their contribution to directing receptor-specific gene regulation. Together, these data suggest that differences in genomic occupancy as well as divergence in the events that occur downstream of receptor binding direct functional diversification among transcription factor paralogs.

Evolution and functional diversification of the small heat shock protein/α-crystallin family in higher plants

Planta ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 235 (6) ◽  
pp. 1299-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernán Gabriel Bondino ◽  
Estela Marta Valle ◽  
Arjen ten Have
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Small Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Functional Diversification

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin G Antibodies against the Endosymbionts of Filarial Nematodes (Wolbachia) in Patients with Pulmonary Dirofilariasis

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Simón ◽  
G. Prieto ◽  
R. Morchón ◽  
C. Bazzocchi ◽  
C. Bandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Bacterial Endosymbiont ◽  
Filarial Nematodes ◽  
Pulmonary Dirofilariasis ◽  
Diagnostic Applications

ABSTRACT The dog parasite Dirofilaria immitis can infect humans. Patients with pulmonary dirofilariasis were tested for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against the surface protein of Wolbachia, the bacterial endosymbiont of D. immitis. These patients showed significantly higher IgG titers than healthy individuals from areas in which D. immitis was endemic as well as areas in which it was not endemic. Titration of anti-Wolbachia surface protein IgG could become useful for diagnostic applications.

Regioselective O-glucosylation by sucrose phosphorylase: a promising route for functional diversification of a range of 1,2-propanediols

2010 ◽  
Vol 345 (12) ◽  
pp. 1736-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Luley-Goedl ◽  
Thornthan Sawangwan ◽  
Lothar Brecker ◽  
Patricia Wildberger ◽  
Bernd Nidetzky
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversification ◽  
Sucrose Phosphorylase

scholarly journals Functional Diversification and Specialization of Cytosolic 70-kDa Heat Shock Proteins

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea McCallister ◽  
Matthew C. Siracusa ◽  
Farzaneh Shirazi ◽  
Dimitra Chalkia ◽  
Nikolas Nikolaidis
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Functional Diversification ◽  
Shock Proteins
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