scholarly journals The Sharing Experimental Animal Resources, Coordinating Holdings (SEARCH) Framework: Encouraging Reduction, Replacement, and Refinement in Animal Research

PLoS Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e2000719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethny Morrissey ◽  
Karen Blyth ◽  
Phil Carter ◽  
Claude Chelala ◽  
Louise Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Animal Resources

Evaluation of the vestibular system in experimental animal research: morphology and electrophysiology

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-328
Author(s):  
M.L.Y.M. Oei ◽  
J.M. Segenhout ◽  
F. Dijk ◽  
H.P. Wit ◽  
F.W.J. Albers
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Vestibular System ◽  
Animal Research

The carcinogenicity of dietary acrylamide intake: A comparative discussion of epidemiological and experimental animal research

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke G. F. Hogervorst ◽  
Bert-Jan Baars ◽  
Leo J. Schouten ◽  
Erik J. M. Konings ◽  
R. Alexandra Goldbohm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Dietary Acrylamide

scholarly journals Contribution of Experimental Animal Research Studies to the Emergency Medicine Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Umut Ocak ◽  
John H. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Medicine ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Animal Research

The aim of this study is to provide a detailed analysis of emergency medicine (EM) research literature to unveil the trends while underlining the importance of experimental research for all territories of science. To this end, the experimental animal research articles published in EM journals indexed to the Science Citation Index Expanded database with a date of publication between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2017, were reviewed retrospectively. All data regarding the journal name, publication year, country, department and institution of the first author, subject species, type of the experimental model, target organ/system/functions, evaluation method, outcome measures, and citation counts were noted. Resultantly, a total of 736 articles were found to be published in 18 journals. Resuscitation (n=285, 38.7%) had the highest number of articles followed by Injury (n=143, 19.4%), Turkish Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery (n=128, 17.4%), and American Journal of Emergency Medicine (n=63, 8.6%). The USA was the largest contributor with 199 studies (27%). The department of the first author was EM in 190 (28.8%) of the reports. Various versions of cardiac arrest models were applied in 257 (34.9%) studies while brain (n=101, 13.7%) was the most commonly explored area. The main outcome measures were clinical outcomes/survival rates (n=408, 55.43%). The molecular mechanisms of the injury were evaluated in 37 (5%) of the studies. In conclusion, experimental animal studies are essential in the progress of contemporary scientific knowledge. EM journals should encourage and consider giving more place to experimental research given their undisputed worth and potential future contributions to science, including the field of EM.

scholarly journals The occurrence of salmonellas and lactose-negative Arizonas in reptiles in The Netherlands, and a comparison of three enrichment methods used in their isolation

1973 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Koopman ◽  
F. G. J. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Brilliant Green ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Salmonella Serotypes ◽  
Enrichment Methods

SUMMARYA survey was conducted in 1971 in healthy reptiles supplied to the Central Animal Laboratory of Nijmegen for experimental animal research. In order to determine which salmonella serotypes occur, and whether there are several serotypes per animal, several strains of each positive sample were typed.It was found that 160 of 169 samples contained salmonellas or lactose-negative Arizonas or both, and 95 different serotypes were isolated.Of 127 animals examined individually, 67 were carriers of more than one sero-type, 42 animals having two types, 21 three types and 4 animals four types.Three enrichment methods were compared. These were tetrathionate broth incubated at 37° C. (T37) and at 43° C. (T43), and selenite broth incubated at 37° C. (SB). All were incubated for 48 hr. before subculture on brilliant-green agar plates. The enrichment methods T37, T43 and SB produced 99, 125 and 123 positive samples respectively, when taken separately. The combinations of T 37 and T43, T37 and SB, and T43 and SB produced 145, 142 and 150 positive samples respectively.The yield of serotypes in comparable samples showed no difference between the three enrichment methods. With the use of two methods the yield increased by about 38 % compared with one method, and the combination of three methods showed an increase in serotype yield of about 64 % compared with one method. A distinct preference by serotypes for definite enrichment methods was not proved.

scholarly journals Neurotoxicants, Micronutrients, and Social Environments

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Hubbs-Tait ◽  
Jack R. Nation ◽  
Nancy F. Krebs ◽  
David C. Bellinger
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Animal ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Animal Research ◽  
Human Studies ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Dopaminergic Activity ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARY—Systematic research evaluating the separate and interacting impacts of neurotoxicants, micronutrients, and social environments on children's cognition and behavior has only recently been initiated. Years of extensive human epidemiologic and animal experimental research document the deleterious impact of lead and other metals on the nervous system. However, discrepancies among human studies and between animal and human studies underscore the importance of variations in child nutrition as well as social and behavioral aspects of children's environments that mitigate or exacerbate the effects of neurotoxicants. In this monograph, we review existing research on the impact of neurotoxic metals, nutrients, and social environments and interactions across the three domains. We examine the literature on lead, mercury, manganese, and cadmium in terms of dispersal, epidemiology, experimental animal studies, effects of social environments, and effects of nutrition. Research documenting the negative impact of lead on cognition and behavior influenced reductions by the Center for Disease Control in child lead-screening guidelines from 30 micrograms per deciliter (μg/dL) in 1975 to 25 μg/dL in 1985 and to 10 μg/dL in 1991. A further reduction is currently being considered. Experimental animal research documents lead's alteration of glutamate-neurotransmitter (particularly N-methyl-D-aspartate) activity vital to learning and memory. In addition, lead induces changes in cholinergic and dopaminergic activity. Elevated lead concentrations in the blood are more common among children living in poverty and there is some evidence that socioeconomic status influences associations between lead and child outcomes. Micronutrients that influence the effects of lead include iron and zinc. Research documenting the negative impact of mercury on children (as well as adults) has resulted in a reference dose (RfD) of 0.1 microgram per kilogram of body weight per day (μg/kg/day). In animal studies, mercury interferes with glutamatergic, cholinergic, and dopaminergic activity. Although evidence for interactions of mercury with children's social contexts is minimal, researchers are examining interactions of mercury with several nutrients. Research on the effects of cadmium and manganese on child cognition and behavior is just beginning. Experimental animal research links cadmium to learning deficits, manganese to behaviors characteristic of Parkinson's disease, and both to altered dopaminergic functioning. We close our review with a discussion of policy implications, and we recommend interdisciplinary research that will enable us to bridge gaps within and across domains.

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