scholarly journals Mutualism Breakdown by Amplification of Wolbachia Genes

PLoS Biology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. e1002065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Chrostek ◽  
Luis Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Mutualism Breakdown

scholarly journals Mutualism breakdown in breadfruit domestication

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1731) ◽  
pp. 1122-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoke Xing ◽  
Alexander M. Koch ◽  
A. Maxwell P. Jones ◽  
Diane Ragone ◽  
Susan Murch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Plant Domestication ◽  
Unintended Effects ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Root Symbionts ◽  
Mycorrhizal Response ◽  
Mutualism Breakdown

During the process of plant domestication, below-ground communities are rarely considered. Some studies have attempted to understand the changes in root symbionts owing to domestication, but little is known about how it influences mycorrhizal response in domesticated crops. We hypothesized that selection for above-ground traits may also result in decreased mycorrhizal abundance in roots. Breadfruit ( Artocarpus sp.) has a long domestication history, with a strong geographical movement of cultivars from west to east across the Melanesian and Polynesian islands. Our results clearly show a decrease in arbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs) along a domestication gradient from wild to recently derived cultivars. We showed that the vesicular and arbuscular colonization rate decreased significantly in more recently derived breadfruit cultivars. In addition, molecular analyses of breadfruit roots indicated that AM fungal species richness also responded along the domestication gradient. These results suggest that human-driven selection for plant cultivars can have unintended effects on below-ground mutualists, with potential impacts on the stress tolerance of crops and long-term food security.

scholarly journals Recurrent mutualism breakdown events in a legume rhizobia metapopulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1919) ◽  
pp. 20192549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey A. Gano-Cohen ◽  
Camille E. Wendlandt ◽  
Khadija Al Moussawi ◽  
Peter J. Stokes ◽  
Kenjiro W. Quides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Nodulation Capacity ◽  
Host Growth ◽  
Native Legume ◽  
Fitness Benefits ◽  
Mutualism Breakdown

Bacterial mutualists generate major fitness benefits for eukaryotes, reshaping the host phenotype and its interactions with the environment. Yet, microbial mutualist populations are predicted to generate mutants that defect from providing costly services to hosts while maintaining the capacity to exploit host resources. Here, we examined the mutualist service of symbiotic nitrogen fixation in a metapopulation of root-nodulating Bradyrhizobium spp . that associate with the native legume Acmispon strigosus . We quantified mutualism traits of 85 Bradyrhizobium isolates gathered from a 700 km transect in California spanning 10 sampled A. strigosus populations. We clonally inoculated each Bradyrhizobium isolate onto A. strigosus hosts and quantified nodulation capacity and net effects of infection, including host growth and isotopic nitrogen concentration. Six Bradyrhizobium isolates from five populations were categorized as ineffective because they formed nodules but did not enhance host growth via nitrogen fixation. Six additional isolates from three populations failed to form root nodules. Phylogenetic reconstruction inferred two types of mutualism breakdown, including three to four independent losses of effectiveness and five losses of nodulation capacity on A. strigosus . The evolutionary and genomic drivers of these mutualism breakdown events remain poorly understood.

scholarly journals Intensity of Mutualism Breakdown Is Determined by Temperature Not Amplification of Wolbachia Genes

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. e1005888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsie E. Rohrscheib ◽  
Francesca D. Frentiu ◽  
Emilie Horn ◽  
Fiona K. Ritchie ◽  
Bruno van Swinderen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mutualism Breakdown

scholarly journals Symbiont switching and alternative resource acquisition strategies drive mutualism breakdown

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (20) ◽  
pp. 5229-5234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gijsbert D. A. Werner ◽  
Johannes H. C. Cornelissen ◽  
William K. Cornwell ◽  
Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia ◽  
Jens Kattge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Resource Acquisition ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Acquisition Strategies ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Root Symbionts ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Alternative Resource ◽  
Mutualism Breakdown

Cooperative interactions among species, termed mutualisms, have played a crucial role in the evolution of life on Earth. However, despite key potential benefits to partners, there are many cases in which two species cease to cooperate and mutualisms break down. What factors drive the evolutionary breakdown of mutualism? We examined the pathways toward breakdowns of the mutualism between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. By using a comparative approach, we identify ∼25 independent cases of complete mutualism breakdown across global seed plants. We found that breakdown of cooperation was only stable when host plants (i) partner with other root symbionts or (ii) evolve alternative resource acquisition strategies. Our results suggest that key mutualistic services are only permanently lost if hosts evolve alternative symbioses or adaptations.

scholarly journals Partner abundance controls mutualism stability and the pace of morphological change over geologic time

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (15) ◽  
pp. 3951-3956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Chomicki ◽  
Susanne S. Renner
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Change ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Hole Size ◽  
Rates Of Evolution ◽  
Entrance Hole ◽  
Mutualism Stability ◽  
Related Trait ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Mutualism Breakdown

Mutualisms that involve symbioses among specialized partners may be more stable than mutualisms among generalists, and theoretical models predict that in many mutualisms, partners exert reciprocal stabilizing selection on traits directly involved in the interaction. A corollary is that mutualism breakdown should increase morphological rates of evolution. We here use the largest ant-plant clade (Hydnophytinae), with different levels of specialization for mutualistic ant symbionts, to study the ecological context of mutualism breakdown and the response of a key symbiosis-related trait, domatium entrance hole size, which filters symbionts by size. Our analyses support three predictions from mutualism theory. First, all 12 losses apparently only occur from a generalist symbiotic state. Second, mutualism losses occurred where symbionts are scarce, in our system at high altitudes. Third, domatium entrance hole size barely changes in specialized symbiotic species, but evolves rapidly once symbiosis with ants has broken down, with a “morphorate map” revealing that hotspots of entrance hole evolution are clustered in high-altitude areas. Our study reveals that mutualistic strategy profoundly affects the pace of morphological change in traits involved in the interaction and suggests that shifts in partners’ relative abundances may frequently drive reversions of generalist mutualisms to autonomy.

Pathways to mutualism breakdown

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 585-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
J SACHS ◽  
E SIMMS
Keyword(s):  
Mutualism Breakdown

scholarly journals Drought, Mutualism Breakdown, and Landscape-Scale Degradation of Seagrass Beds

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1051-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy de Fouw ◽  
Laura L. Govers ◽  
Johan van de Koppel ◽  
Jim van Belzen ◽  
Wouter Dorigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Seagrass Beds ◽  
Mutualism Breakdown

scholarly journals Symbiont switching and alternative resource acquisition strategies drive mutualism breakdown

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gijsbert DA Werner ◽  
Johannes HC Cornelissen ◽  
William K Cornwell ◽  
Nadejda A Soudzilovskaia ◽  
Jens Kattge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Resource Acquisition ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Cooperative Interactions ◽  
Evolutionary Innovation ◽  
Acquisition Strategies ◽  
Root Symbionts ◽  
Alternative Resource ◽  
Mutualism Breakdown

AbstractCooperative interactions among species, termed mutualisms, have played a crucial role in the evolution of life on Earth. However, despite key potential benefits to partners, there are many cases where two species cease to cooperate, and mutualisms break down. What factors drive the evolutionary breakdown of mutualism? We examined the pathways towards breakdowns of the mutualism between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Using a comparative approach, we identify ~25 independent cases of complete mutualism breakdown across global seed plants. We found that breakdown of cooperation was only stable when host plants either: (i) partner with other root symbionts or (ii) evolve alternative resource acquisition strategies. Our results suggest that key mutualistic services are only permanently lost if hosts evolve alternative symbioses or adaptations.Significance StatementCooperative interactions among species – mutualisms – are major sources of evolutionary innovation. However, despite their importance, two species that formerly cooperated sometimes cease their partnership. Why do mutualisms breakdown? We asked this question in the partnership between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and their plant hosts, one of the most ancient mutualisms. We analyse two potential trajectories towards evolutionary breakdown of their cooperation, symbiont switching and mutualism abandonment. We find evidence that plants stop interacting with AM fungi when they switch to other microbial mutualists or when they evolve alternative strategies to extract nutrients from the environment. Our results show vital cooperative interactions can be lost - but only if successful alternatives evolve.

scholarly journals To clean or not to clean: Cleaning mutualism breakdown in a tidal environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 3043-3054
Author(s):  
Katie Dunkley ◽  
Ashley J. W. Ward ◽  
Sarah E. Perkins ◽  
Jo Cable
Keyword(s):  
Cleaning Mutualism ◽  
Mutualism Breakdown
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