scholarly journals Synthesis of Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acids in the Epidermis Controls Plant Organ Growth by Restricting Cell Proliferation

PLoS Biology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e1001531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nobusawa ◽  
Yoko Okushima ◽  
Noriko Nagata ◽  
Mikiko Kojima ◽  
Hitoshi Sakakibara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Organ Growth ◽  
Plant Organ ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Restriction of cell proliferation in internal tissues via the synthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids in the epidermis

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e25232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nobusawa ◽  
Yoko Okushima ◽  
Noriko Nagata ◽  
Mikiko Kojima ◽  
Hitoshi Sakakibara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor δ mediates the effects of long-chain fatty acids on post-confluent cell proliferation

2000 ◽  
Vol 350 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal JEHL-PIETRI ◽  
Claire BASTIE ◽  
Isabelle GILLOT ◽  
Serge LUQUET ◽  
Paul A. GRIMALDI
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Nutritional long-chain fatty acids control adipose tissue mass by regulating the number and the size of adipocytes. It is now established that peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play crucial functions in the control of gene expression and the level of cell differentiation. PPARγ, which is activated by specific prostanoids, is a key factor in activating terminal differentiation and adipogenesis. We have recently demonstrated that PPARδ, once activated by fatty acids, drives the expression of a limited set of genes, including that encoding PPARγ, thereby inducing adipose differentiation. Thus far, the mechanism of action of fatty acids in the control of preadipocyte proliferation has remained unknown. We show here that PPARδ is directly implicated in fatty acid-induced cell proliferation. Ectopic expression of PPARδ renders 3T3C2 cells capable of responding to treatment with long-chain fatty acids by a resumption of mitosis, and this effect is limited to a few days after confluence. This response is restricted to PPARδ activators and, for fatty acids, takes place within the range of concentrations found to trigger differentiation of preadipocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the use of a mutated inactive PPARδ demonstrated that transcriptional activity of the nuclear receptor is required to mediate fatty acid-induced proliferation. These data demonstrate that PPARδ, as a transcription factor, is directly implicated in fatty acid-induced proliferation, and this could explain the hyperplastic development of adipose tissue that occurs in high-fat-fed animals.

scholarly journals Effect of Saw Palmetto Supplements on Androgen-Sensitive LNCaP Human Prostate Cancer Cell Number and Syrian Hamster Flank Organ Growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander B. Opoku-Acheampong ◽  
Kavitha Penugonda ◽  
Brian L. Lindshield
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lncap Cell ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Organ Growth ◽  
Saw Palmetto ◽  
The Right ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Saw palmetto supplements (SPS) are commonly consumed by men with prostate cancer. We investigated whether SPS fatty acids and phytosterols concentrations determine their growth-inhibitory action in androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells and hamster flank organs. High long-chain fatty acids-low phytosterols (HLLP) SPS ≥ 750 nM with testosterone significantly increased and ≥500 nM with dihydrotestosterone significantly decreased LNCaP cell number. High long-chain fatty acids-high phytosterols (HLHP) SPS ≥ 500 nM with dihydrotestosterone and high medium-chain fatty acids-low phytosterols (HMLP) SPS ≥ 750 nM or with androgens significantly decreased LNCaP cell number (n=3;p<0.05). Five- to six-week-old, castrated male Syrian hamsters were randomized to control (n=4), HLLP, HLHP, and HMLP SPS (n=6) groups. Testosterone or dihydrotestosterone was applied topically daily for 21 days to the right flank organ; the left flank organ was treated with ethanol and served as the control. Thirty minutes later, SPS or ethanol was applied to each flank organ in treatment and control groups, respectively. SPS treatments caused a notable but nonsignificant reduction in the difference between left and right flank organ growth in testosterone-treated SPS groups compared to the control. The same level of inhibition was not seen in dihydrotestosterone-treated SPS groups (p<0.05). Results may suggest that SPS inhibit 5α-reductase thereby preventing hamster flank organ growth.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Fatty Acid Saturation and Chain Length on NASH in Juvenile Iberian Pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 682-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla Dillard ◽  
Morgan Coffin ◽  
Gabriella Hernandez ◽  
Victoria Smith ◽  
Catherine Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract Objectives Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the major cause of pediatric chronic liver pathology in the United States. The objective of this study was to compare the relative effect of inclusion of isocaloric amounts of saturated medium-chain fatty acids (hydrogenated coconut oil), saturated long-chain fatty acids (lard) and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids (olive oil) on endpoints of NAFLD and insulin resistance. Methods Thirty-eight 15-d-old Iberian pigs were fed 1 of 4 diets containing (g/kg body weight × d) 1) control (CON; n = 8): 0 g fructose, 10.5 g fat, and 187 kcal metabolizable energy (ME), 2) lard (LAR; n = 10): 21.6 g fructose, 17.1 g fat (100% lard) and 299 kcal ME, 3) hydrogenated coconut oil (COCO; n = 10): 21.6 g fructose, 16.9 g fat (42.5% lard and 57.5% coconut oil) and 299 kcal ME, and 4) olive oil (OLV, n = 10): 21.6 g fructose, 17.1 g fat (43.5% lard and 56.5% olive oil) and 299 kcal ME, for 9 consecutive weeks. Body weight was recorded every 3 d. Serum markers of liver injury and dyslipidemia were measured on d 60 at 2 h post feeding, with all other serum measures assessed on d 70. Liver tissue was collected on d 70 for histology, triacylglyceride (TG) quantification, and metabolomics analysis. Results Tissue histology indicated the presence of steatosis in LAR, COCO and OLV compared with CON (P ≤ 0.001), with a further increase in in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in OLV and COCO compared with LAR (P ≤ 0.01). Alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were higher in COCO and OLV (P ≤ 0.01) than CON. All treatment groups had lower liver concentrations of methyl donor's choline and betaine versus CON, while bile acids were differentially changed (P ≤ 0.05). COCO had higher levels of TGs with less carbons (Total carbons &lt; 52) than all other groups (P ≤ 0.05). Several long-chain acylcarnitines involved in fat oxidation were higher in OLV versus all other groups (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions Inclusion of fats enriched in medium-chain saturated and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids in a high-fructose high-fat diet increased liver injury, compared with fats with a long-chain saturated fatty acid profile. Further research is required to investigate the mechanisms causing this difference in physiological response to these dietary fat sources. Funding Sources ARI, AcornSeekers.

Long chain fatty acids can form aggregates and affect the membrane integrity

2021 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 111795
Author(s):  
Gulen Melike Demirbolat ◽  
Goknil Pelin Coskun ◽  
Omer Erdogan ◽  
Ozge Cevik
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids
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