Raman Spectroscopy Study of Calcium Oxalate Extracted from Cacti Stems

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 1260-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Frausto-Reyes ◽  
Sofia Loza-Cornejo ◽  
Tania Terrazas ◽  
María de la Luz Miranda-Beltrán ◽  
Xóchitl Aparicio-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Crystal Morphology ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Spectroscopic Technique ◽  
Spectroscopy Study ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate ◽  
Opuntia Species

To find markers that distinguish the different Cactaceae species, by using near infrared Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, we studied the occurrence, in the stem, of solid deposits in five Cactaceae species ( Coryphantha clavata, Ferocactus latispinus, Opuntia ficus-indica, O. robusta, and O. strepthacantha) collected from their natural habitats from a region of México. The deposits in the tissues usually occurred as spheroidal aggregates, druses, or prismatic crystals. From the Raman spectra, the crystals were identified either as calcium oxalate monohydrate (CaC2O4H2O) or calcium oxalate dihydrate (CaC2O4·2H2O) Opuntia species (subfamily Opuntioideae) showed the presence of CaC2O4·H2O, and the deposition of CaC2O4·2H2O was present in C. clavata and F. latispinus (subfamily Cactoideae, Cacteae tribe). As a punctual technique, Raman spectroscopy seems to be a useful tool to identify crystal composition. In addition to allowing the analysis of crystal morphology, this spectroscopic technique can be used to identify Cactaceae species and their chemotaxonomy.

FT-Raman spectroscopy of the Christmas wreath lichen, Cryptothecia rubrocincta (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Thor

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howell G. M. EDWARDS ◽  
Luiz F. C. de OLIVEIRA ◽  
Mark R. D. SEAWARD
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate ◽  
Spectral Signatures ◽  
Lichen Substances ◽  
Ft Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Raman

FT-Raman spectra have been obtained from the highly pigmented lichen Cryptothecia rubrocincta from a Brazilian vestigial rainforest habitat. Spectral signatures of the two main lichen substances, chiodectonic acid and confluentic acid, were identified in adjacent zones of the thallus. Of the characteristic zonal colours displayed by the thallus, the outer red zone contained chiodectonic acid and no calcium oxalate, and graded into by a pink zone with calcium oxalate monohydrate (whewellite) in association with chiodectonic acid, to the inside of which is a concentric white zone containing calcium oxalate dihydrate (weddellite); however, chemically differentiated sites (elliptical brown flecks with a major axis of c. 15 μm) in both the pink and red zones contained chiodectonic acid and calcium oxalate monohydrate. The role of Raman spectroscopy in the spatial identification of lichen substances in the thallial structures is demonstrated.

Role of Magnesium in the Growth of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate and Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate Crystals

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshitsugu Oka ◽  
Toshiaki Yoshioka ◽  
Takuo Koide ◽  
Minato Takaha ◽  
Takao Sonoda
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate ◽  
Oxalate Dihydrate

Comparison of Urinary Crystallites from Patients with Renal Calculi with that from Healthy Subjects

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 1738-1741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Yue Xia ◽  
Yi Ming Ding ◽  
Jian Ming Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate ◽  
Aggregation State ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Sharp Edges

The differences between the urinary crystallites from patients with renal calculi and healthy subjects were compared using SEM, XRD, and nano-particle size analyzer, etc. These differences concern morphology, aggregation state, number, particle size, crystal phase and Zeta potential, etc. About 90% of the crystallites had the particle sizes less than 20 μm, the Zeta potential was -(113) mV, and the composition included a large proportion of calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals. By comparison, the urinary crystallites from patients with renal calculi had sharp edges and corners and exhibited significant aggregation. There were more crystallites with the size greater than 20 μm in comparison with those in healthy subjects, their Zeta potential was -(73) mV, and calcium oxalate existed mainly in the form of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals. The above differences increased the aggregation trend of the crystallites in lithogenic urine and caused the probability of renal calculi formation to increase.

A synchrotron study of bladder urolith architecture

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
K. D. Rogers ◽  
M. W. Sperrin ◽  
E. J. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Rietveld Analysis ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Surface Data ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
Crystalline Nature ◽  
Unit Cell Dimensions

The principal aim of this study was to assess a new approach to the characterization of uroliths using synchrotron radiation. To achieve this, a detailed investigation of the crystalline nature of a human bladder urolith has been undertaken. Changes in the phase composition and crystalline mineral nature have been measured from the urolith core center to its outer surface. Data were collected using a microbeam, synchrotron probe, and image plate. Rietveld analysis has enabled us to determine that the unit cell dimensions of the majority phases (anhydrous uric acid and calcium oxalate monohydrate) are significantly greater in the core region but become progressively smaller from the outer to inner regions. The crystallites of both phases are also shown to possess significant radial orientation which varies through the urolith and reaches a maximum at a point of principal fracture. The analysis has also allowed us to study the change in average crystallite morphology; the crystallites of both phases are shown to decrease in size toward the outer parts of the urolith although this is in a nonuniform fashion. Evidence of calcium oxalate dihydrate was also found, but only within the outermost region of the urolith.

Effect of Urate on Calcium Oxalate Crystallization in Human Urine: Evidence for a Promotory Role of Hyperuricosuria in Urolithiasis

1990 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phulwinder K. Grover ◽  
Rosemary L. Ryall ◽  
Villis R. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Type B ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate ◽  
Median Volume ◽  
The Individual

1. The effect of hyperuricosuria, simulated by increasing the concentration of dissolved urate, on the crystallization of calcium oxalate in human urine was examined. 2. Twenty urine samples were studied. Ten of these, designated type A, spontaneously precipitated calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals upon the addition of a solution of sodium urate solution which raised the median urate concentration from 3.1 to 7.0 mmol/l. 3. Adding dissolved urate to the remaining type B samples raised the median urate concentration from 2.2 to 6.2 mmol/l, but did not cause the precipitation of calcium oxalate. This was induced in these samples by the addition of a standard load of oxalate above an empirically determined metastable limit. 4. In the type B urine samples, the addition of urate decreased the median metastable limit from 125 to 66 μmol of oxalate, trebled the median volume of crystalline calcium oxalate deposited from 35 000 to 105 000 μm3/μl and significantly increased the overall size of the particles precipitated. Calcium oxalate monohydrate was exclusively precipitated, and the individual crystals deposited in the presence of urate were markedly smaller, more numerous, and more highly aggregated than those produced in its absence. 5. These results constitute the most convincing evidence yet obtained that hyperuricosuria may be a powerful promoter of calcium oxalate stone formation.

scholarly journals Composition and Morphology of Nanocrystals in Urines of Lithogenic Patients and Healthy Persons

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao-Song Gui ◽  
Rong Xie ◽  
Xiu-Qiong Yao ◽  
Mei-Ru Li ◽  
Jian-Ming Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Healthy Persons ◽  
Healthy Urine

The composition and morphology of nanocrystals in urines of healthy persons and lithogenic patients were comparatively investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was shown that the main composition of urinary nanocrystals in healthy persons were calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), uric acid, and ammonium magnesium phosphate (struvite). However, the main compositions of urinary nanocrystals in lithogenic patients were struvite,β-tricalcium phosphate, uric acid, COD, and calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM). According to the XRD data, the size of nanocrystals was calculated to be23∼72 nm in healthy urine and12∼118 nm in lithogenic urine by Scherer formula. TEM results showed that the nanocrystals in healthy urine were dispersive and uniform with a mean size of about 38 nm. In contrast, the nanocrystals in lithogenic urine were much aggregated with a mean size of about 55 nm. The results in this work indicated that the urinary stone formation may be prevented by diminishing the aggregation and the size differentiation of urinary nanocrystals by physical or chemical methods.

Label-Free Mapping of Osteopontin Adsorption to Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Crystals by Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (41) ◽  
pp. 17076-17082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nastaran Kazemi-Zanjani ◽  
Honghong Chen ◽  
Harvey A. Goldberg ◽  
Graeme K. Hunter ◽  
Bernd Grohe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Tip Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
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