scholarly journals The use of zinc to increase fluorescence in an in vitro biofilm model as a tool for caries diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kittituspong Wichachang ◽  
Kitsakorn Locharoenrat
Keyword(s):  
Caries Diagnosis ◽  
Biofilm Model

scholarly journals In Vitro Anti-Biofilm and Antibacterial Properties of Streptococcus downii sp. nov.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
Maigualida Cuenca ◽  
María Carmen Sánchez ◽  
Pedro Diz ◽  
Lucía Martínez-Lamas ◽  
Maximiliano Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Biofilm Development

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anti-biofilm and antibacterial activities of Streptococcus downii sp. nov. To test anti-biofilm properties, Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were grown in a biofilm model in the presence or not of S. downii sp. nov. for up to 120 h. For the potential antibacterial activity, 24 h-biofilms were exposed to S. downii sp. nov for 24 and 48 h. Biofilms structures and bacterial viability were studied by microscopy, and the effect in bacterial load by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A generalized linear model was constructed, and results were considered as statistically significant at p < 0.05. The presence of S. downii sp. nov. during biofilm development did not affect the structure of the community, but an anti-biofilm effect against S. mutans was observed (p < 0.001, after 96 and 120 h). For antibacterial activity, after 24 h of exposure to S. downii sp. nov., counts of S. mutans (p = 0.019) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (p = 0.020) were significantly reduced in well-structured biofilms. Although moderate, anti-biofilm and antibacterial activities of S. downii sp. nov. against oral bacteria, including some periodontal pathogens, were demonstrated in an in vitro biofilm model.

scholarly journals In VitroEfficacies and Resistance Profiles of Rifampin-Based Combination Regimens for Biofilm-Embedded Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 5717-5720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung-Jen Tang ◽  
Chi-Chung Chen ◽  
Kuo-Chen Cheng ◽  
Kuan-Ying Wu ◽  
Yi-Chung Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Rifampin Resistance ◽  
Combination Regimens ◽  
Resistant Mutation

ABSTRACTTo compare thein vitroantibacterial efficacies and resistance profiles of rifampin-based combinations against methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) in a biofilm model, the antibacterial activities of vancomycin, teicoplanin, daptomycin, minocycline, linezolid, fusidic acid, fosfomycin, and tigecycline alone or in combination with rifampin against biofilm-embedded MRSA were measured. The rifampin-resistant mutation frequencies were evaluated. Of the rifampin-based combinations, rifampin enhances the antibacterial activities of and even synergizes with fusidic acid, tigecycline, and, to a lesser extent, linezolid, fosfomycin, and minocycline against biofilm-embedded MRSA. Such combinations with weaker rifampin resistance induction activities may provide a therapeutic advantage in MRSA biofilm-related infections.

scholarly journals Relevance of Biofilm Models in Periodontal Research: From Static to Dynamic Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 428
Author(s):  
María Carmen Sánchez ◽  
Andrea Alonso-Español ◽  
Honorato Ribeiro-Vidal ◽  
Bettina Alonso ◽  
David Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Group ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Dental Implant Surface ◽  
The Impact

Microbial biofilm modeling has improved in sophistication and scope, although only a limited number of standardized protocols are available. This review presents an example of a biofilm model, along with its evolution and application in studying periodontal and peri-implant diseases. In 2011, the ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) research group at the University Complutense of Madrid developed an in vitro biofilm static model using representative bacteria from the subgingival microbiota, demonstrating a pattern of bacterial colonization and maturation similar to in vivo subgingival biofilms. When the model and its methodology were standardized, the ETEP research group employed the validated in vitro biofilm model for testing in different applications. The evolution of this model is described in this manuscript, from the mere observation of biofilm growth and maturation on static models on hydroxyapatite or titanium discs, to the evaluation of the impact of dental implant surface composition and micro-structure using the dynamic biofilm model. This evolution was based on reproducing the ideal microenvironmental conditions for bacterial growth within a bioreactor and reaching the target surfaces using the fluid dynamics mimicking the salivary flow. The development of this relevant biofilm model has become a powerful tool to study the essential processes that regulate the formation and maturation of these important microbial communities, as well as their behavior when exposed to different antimicrobial compounds.

scholarly journals MP57-20 EVALUATION OF GRAM POSITIVE AND GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA IN A NOVEL IN VITRO BIOFILM MODEL OF PENILE PROSTHESIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 206 (Supplement 3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Narasimman ◽  
Gregory Plano ◽  
Jesse Ory ◽  
Sara Schesser Bartra ◽  
Ranjith Ramasamy
Keyword(s):  
Penile Prosthesis ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Biofilm Model

Study on the Mechanism of Application of Eucalyptus Volatile oil in Prevention and Treatment of Burn Wound Infections in Vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Yang ◽  
Qing Huang ◽  
Xingxin Gao ◽  
Zhimin Lin ◽  
Songlin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Working Mechanism ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Abstract Objective To investigate working mechanism of Eucalyptus volatile oil on the prevention and treatment of burn wound infections. Methods P.a biofilm model was used to investigate the effect of Eucalyptus volatile oil on bacterial biofilm. The expression of LasI mRNA in P.a was detected by RT-PCR. Results MIC test showed that the volatile oil of Eucalyptus Urophylla in a concentration of 20% or more could exert anti-bacterial effect. However, no zone of inhibition could be observed in the neither high nor low concentration of the Eucalyptus volatile oil. Scanning electron microscopy results showed a significant delay in volatile oil groups when compared with the control group. The expression of LasI mRNA in the volatile oil group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Conclusion As Chinese medicine, the volatile oil of Eucalyptus Urophylla can affect the proliferation of P.a and biofilm formation by interfering with the expression of LasI, thus achieving the purpose of preventing and treating infection of burn patients.

scholarly journals Metabolic Modeling of Clostridium difficile Associated Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Phalak ◽  
Michael Henson
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Commensal Species ◽  
Species Abundances ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Biofilm Development

Recent in vitro experiments have demonstrated the ability of the pathogen Clostridium difficile and commensal gut bacteria to form biofilms on surfaces, and biofilm development in vivo is likely. Various studies have reported that 3%–15% of healthy adults are asymptomatically colonized with C. difficile, with commensal species providing resistance against C. difficile pathogenic colonization. C. difficile infection (CDI) is observed at a higher rate in immunocompromised patients previously treated with broad spectrum antibiotics that disrupt the commensal microbiota and reduce competition for available nutrients, resulting in imbalance among commensal species and dysbiosis conducive to C. difficile propagation. To investigate the metabolic interactions of C. difficile with commensal species from the three dominant phyla in the human gut, we developed a multispecies biofilm model by combining genome-scale metabolic reconstructions of C. difficile, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron from the phylum Bacteroidetes, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii from the phylum Firmicutes, and Escherichia coli from the phylum Proteobacteria. The biofilm model was used to identify gut nutrient conditions that resulted in C. difficile-associated dysbiosis characterized by large increases in C. difficile and E. coli abundances and large decreases in F. prausnitzii abundance. We tuned the model to produce species abundances and short-chain fatty acid levels consistent with available data for healthy individuals. The model predicted that experimentally-observed host-microbiota perturbations resulting in decreased carbohydrate/increased amino acid levels and/or increased primary bile acid levels would induce large increases in C. difficile abundance and decreases in F. prausnitzii abundance. By adding the experimentally-observed perturbation of increased host nitrate secretion, the model also was able to predict increased E. coli abundance associated with C. difficile dysbiosis. In addition to rationalizing known connections between nutrient levels and disease progression, the model generated hypotheses for future testing and has the capability to support the development of new treatment strategies for C. difficile gut infections.

scholarly journals Preparation, characterisation and microbiological examination of Pickering nano-emulsions containing essential oils, and their effect on Streptococcus mutans biofilm treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Horváth ◽  
Viktória L. Balázs ◽  
Adorján Varga ◽  
Andrea Böszörményi ◽  
Béla Kocsis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Model Membrane ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Mouth Care ◽  
Modified Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
20 Nm

Abstract Essential oils (EOs) are commonly applied in mouth care products like mouthwashes, mostly as an ethanolic solution or by usage of surfactants as solubilising agents. In this study, we present a formulation for preparation of Pickering nano-emulsions (PnE) of EOs as a novel form for application of EOs in mouth care. For the preparation of PnE, we have synthesised surface-modified silica nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 20 nm, as well as we have examined the effect of EOs concentration on PnE droplet size and stability. In vitro study of their effect on the Streptococcus mutans biofilm as the main pathogen of dental health problems has been performed. We have found that EOs in the PnE form has the highest effectiveness against biofilm formation. Diffusion through the biofilm model membrane was studied to explain this observation. We have found that PnEs have a better performance in the transportation of EOs trough model membrane than the ethanolic solutions and conventional emulsions (CEs).

scholarly journals Efficacy of the Combination of Tobramycin and a Macrolide in an InVitroPseudomonas aeruginosa Mature Biofilm Model

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 4409-4415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Tré-Hardy ◽  
Carole Nagant ◽  
Naïma El Manssouri ◽  
Francis Vanderbist ◽  
Hamidou Traore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Pulmonary Infections ◽  
Strain Pao1 ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Effective Combination

ABSTRACT Respiratory disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). In particular, patients suffer from chronic infection due to biofilm formation by opportunistic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (32). Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop alternative ways to treat biofilm-associated clinical infections. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial effects in vitro of the combinations tobramycin-clarithromycin and tobramycin-azithromycin against five P. aeruginosa biofilms and to establish the most effective combination. We performed a kinetic study over a period of 28 days of a twice-daily coadministration of the combinations tobramycin-clarithromycin and tobramycin-azithromycin on 12-day-old, mature P. aeruginosa biofilms formed on microplate pegs for 4 clinical isolates and one laboratory strain (PAO1) to simulate the treatment of CF patients with tobramycin inhalation solution (TOBI) through aerosolization. A synergy between tobramycin and clarithromycin was recorded for 3/5 biofilms, with a bacterial decrease of more than 5 log. Conversely, we found an antagonistic activity when 4 μg/ml tobramycin was administered with azithromycin at 2 μg/ml for P. aeruginosa PAO1 and with azithromycin at 2, 20, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml for P. aeruginosa PYO1. Treatment with tobramycin at 4 μg/ml combined with clarithromycin at 200 μg/ml eradicated all five biofilms, while tobramycin-azithromycin at the same concentrations eradicated only three biofilms. Results of this study suggest that local administration of tobramycin and clarithromycin into the respiratory tract represents a better strategy than the combination tobramycin-azithromycin for the treatment of P. aeruginosa-associated pulmonary infections.

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