scholarly journals Waveguide-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of trace chemical warfare agent simulants

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (19) ◽  
pp. 4803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan F. Tyndall ◽  
Todd H. Stievater ◽  
Dmitry A. Kozak ◽  
Kee Koo ◽  
R. Andrew McGill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare

scholarly journals Fiber Optic Coupled Raman Based Detection of Hazardous Liquids Concealed in Commercial Products

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Ramírez-Cedeño ◽  
Natalie Gaensbauer ◽  
Hilsamar Félix-Rivera ◽  
William Ortiz-Rivera ◽  
Leonardo Pacheco-Londoño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Algorithm Analysis ◽  
Triethyl Phosphate ◽  
Industrial Compounds

Raman spectroscopy has been widely proposed as a technique to nondestructively and noninvasively interrogate the contents of glass and plastic bottles. In this work, Raman spectroscopy is used in a concealed threat scenario where hazardous liquids have been intentionally mixed with common consumer products to mask its appearance or spectra. The hazardous liquids under consideration included the chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulant triethyl phosphate (TEP), hydrogen peroxide, and acetone as representative of toxic industrial compounds (TICs). Fiber optic coupled Raman spectroscopy (FOCRS) and partial least squares (PLS) algorithm analysis were used to quantify hydrogen peroxide in whiskey, acetone in perfume, and TEP in colored beverages. Spectral data was used to evaluate if the hazardous liquids can be successfully concealed in consumer products. Results demonstrated that FOC-RS systems were able to discriminate between nonhazardous consumer products and mixtures with hazardous materials at concentrations lower than 5%.

Heat Exchange During Encapsulation in a Chemical Warfare Agent Protective Patient Wrap in Four Hot Environments

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lou A. Stephenson ◽  
Margaret A. Kolka ◽  
Anne E. Allan ◽  
William R. Santee
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Hot Environments

Evaluation of Silver-Exchanged Zeolites Under Development by University of Maine for Chemical Warfare Agent Decontamination Applications

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Brickhouse ◽  
Teri A. Lalain ◽  
Terrence G. D'Onofrio ◽  
Lawrence R. Procell ◽  
Zachary B. Zander
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare

Optimization of quantum-dot light source and detection of the simulants of chemical warfare agent

2021 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 110935
Author(s):  
Suhui Wang ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Genwei Zhang ◽  
Tengxiao Guo ◽  
Xuequan Ding
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare

scholarly journals Acid is a potential interferent in fluorescent sensing of chemical warfare agent vapors

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengqiang Fan ◽  
Genevieve H. Dennison ◽  
Nicholas FitzGerald ◽  
Paul L. Burn ◽  
Ian R. Gentle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Fluorescent Sensing ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Sensing Material ◽  
Fluorescence Change ◽  
Warfare Agents

AbstractA common feature of fluorescent sensing materials for detecting chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and simulants is the presence of nitrogen-based groups designed to nucleophilically displace a phosphorus atom substituent, with the reaction causing a measurable fluorescence change. However, such groups are also basic and so sensitive to acid. In this study we show it is critical to disentangle the response of a candidate sensing material to acid and CWA simulant. We report that pyridyl-containing sensing materials designed to react with a CWA gave a strong and rapid increase in fluorescence when exposed to Sarin, which is known to contain hydrofluoric acid. However, when tested against acid-free diethylchlorophosphate and di-iso-propylfluorophosphate, simulants typically used for evaluating novel G-series CWA sensors, there was no change in the fluorescence. In contrast, simulants that had been stored or tested under a standard laboratory conditions all led to strong changes in fluorescence, due to acid impurities. Thus the results provide strong evidence that care needs to be taken when interpreting the results of fluorescence-based solid-state sensing studies of G-series CWAs and their simulants. There are also implications for the application of these pyridyl-based fluorescence and other nucleophilic/basic sensing systems to real-world CWA detection.

scholarly journals Modified-TiO2 Photocatalyst Supported on β-SiC Foams for the Elimination of Gaseous Diethyl Sulfide as an Analog for Chemical Warfare Agent: Towards the Development of a Photoreactor Prototype

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
Armelle Sengele ◽  
Didier Robert ◽  
Nicolas Keller ◽  
Valérie Keller
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agent ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Diethyl Sulfide ◽  
Tio2 Photocatalysts ◽  
Doped Tio2 ◽  
Model Molecule ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Oxidation Efficiency

In the context of the increase in chemical threat due to warfare agents, the development of efficient methods for destruction of Chemical Warfare Agents (CWAs) are of first importance both for civilian and military purposes. Amongst possible methods for destruction of CWAs, photocatalytic oxidation is an alternative one. The present paper reports on the preparation of Ta and Sn doped TiO2 photocatalysts immobilized on β-SiC foams for the elimination of diethyl sulfide (DES) used as a model molecule mimicking Yperite (Mustard Gas) in gaseous phase. Photo-oxidation efficiency of doped TiO2 catalyst has been compared with TiO2-P25. Here, we demonstrate that the Sn doped-TiO2 with a Polyethylene glycol (PEG)/TiO2 ratio of 7 exhibits the best initial activity (up to 90%) but is deactivates more quickly than Ta doped-TiO2 (40% after 800 min). The activity of the catalysts is strongly influenced by the adsorption properties of the support, as β-SiC foams adsorb DES and other sulfur compounds. This adsorption makes it possible to limit the poisoning of the catalysts and to maintain an acceptable conversion rate even after ten hours under continuous DES flow. Washing with NaOH completely regenerates the catalyst after a firs treatment and even seems to “wash” it by removing impurities initially present on the foams.

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