scholarly journals Targeted alteration of real and imaginary refractive index of biological cells by histological staining

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cherkezyan ◽  
H. Subramanian ◽  
V. Stoyneva ◽  
J. D. Rogers ◽  
S. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Biological Cells ◽  
Histological Staining

scholarly journals Targeted Alteration of Real and Imaginary Refractive Index of Biological Cells by Histological Staining

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lusik Cherkezyan ◽  
Hariharan Subramanian ◽  
Seungmoo Yang ◽  
Dhwanil Damania ◽  
Vadim Backman
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Biological Cells ◽  
Histological Staining

The spatial variation of the refractive index in biological cells

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Beuthan ◽  
O Minet ◽  
J Helfmann ◽  
M Herrig ◽  
G Müller
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Biological Cells

TEM characterization of proton-exchanged LiNbO3 optical waveguides

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
W. E. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Total Internal Reflection ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Lithium Ions ◽  
Wide Channel ◽  
Tem Characterization

An optical waveguide consists of a several-micron wide channel with a slightly different index of refraction than the host substrate; light can be trapped in the channel by total internal reflection.Optical waveguides can be formed from single-crystal LiNbO3 using the proton exhange technique. In this technique, polished specimens are masked with polycrystal1ine chromium in such a way as to leave 3-13 μm wide channels. These are held in benzoic acid at 249°C for 5 minutes allowing protons to exchange for lithium ions within the channels causing an increase in the refractive index of the channel and creating the waveguide. Unfortunately, optical measurements often reveal a loss in waveguiding ability up to several weeks after exchange.

Light microscopy of ceramics

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 908-909
Author(s):  
Walter C. McCrone
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscope ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Refractive Indices ◽  
Complete Coverage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lower Refractive Index

An excellent chapter on this subject by V.D. Fréchette appeared in a book edited by L.L. Hench and R.W. Gould in 1971 (1). That chapter with the references cited there provides a very complete coverage of the subject. I will add a more complete coverage of an important polarized light microscope (PLM) technique developed more recently (2). Dispersion staining is based on refractive index and its variation with wavelength (dispersion of index). A particle of, say almandite, a garnet, has refractive indices of nF = 1.789 nm, nD = 1.780 nm and nC = 1.775 nm. A Cargille refractive index liquid having nD = 1.780 nm will have nF = 1.810 and nC = 1.768 nm. Almandite grains will disappear in that liquid when observed with a beam of 589 nm light (D-line), but it will have a lower refractive index than that liquid with 486 nm light (F-line), and a higher index than that liquid with 656 nm light (C-line).

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