Stable new bound soliton pairs in a 10 GHz hybrid frequency modulation mode-locked Er-fiber laser

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Wei Hsiang ◽  
Chien-Yu Lin ◽  
Yinchieh Lai
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Frequency Modulation ◽  
Hybrid Frequency ◽  
Modulation Mode

Frequency-modulation mode locking of a Nd^3+-doped fiber laser

1989 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Phillips ◽  
A. I. Ferguson ◽  
D. C. Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Laser ◽  
Frequency Modulation ◽  
Mode Locking ◽  
Modulation Mode

Computational Development of Single- and Dual-Frequency Modulation Atomic Force Spectroscopy for Ambient Air Applications

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Chawla ◽  
Santiago D. Solares
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Modulation ◽  
Force Spectroscopy ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Interaction Force ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Rapid Acquisition ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Modulation Mode ◽  
Force Curves

The ability of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to acquire tip-sample interaction force curves has allowed researchers to understand the mechanical behavior of numerous materials at the nanoscale. However, AFM force spectroscopy with the most commonly used techniques can be a slow process for non-uniform samples, as it often requires the measurement to be performed at one fixed surface point at a time. In this paper we present two dynamic AFM based spectroscopy methods, one requiring operation in single-frequency-modulation mode and another using dual-frequency-modulation, which could allow a more rapid acquisition of topography and tip-sample interaction force curves. Numerical simulation results are provided along with discussions on the benefits and limitations of both.

scholarly journals Drive-amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy: From vacuum to liquids

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 336-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Jaafar ◽  
David Martínez-Martín ◽  
Mariano Cuenca ◽  
John Melcher ◽  
Arvind Raman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Frequency Modulation ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Oscillation Amplitude ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Modulation Mode ◽  
Feedback Scheme

We introduce drive-amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy as a dynamic mode with outstanding performance in all environments from vacuum to liquids. As with frequency modulation, the new mode follows a feedback scheme with two nested loops: The first keeps the cantilever oscillation amplitude constant by regulating the driving force, and the second uses the driving force as the feedback variable for topography. Additionally, a phase-locked loop can be used as a parallel feedback allowing separation of the conservative and nonconservative interactions. We describe the basis of this mode and present some examples of its performance in three different environments. Drive-amplutide modulation is a very stable, intuitive and easy to use mode that is free of the feedback instability associated with the noncontact-to-contact transition that occurs in the frequency-modulation mode.

Stable radio frequency dissemination by simple hybrid frequency modulation scheme

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (18) ◽  
pp. 5255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longqiang Yu ◽  
Rong Wang ◽  
Lin Lu ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Chuanxin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Frequency Modulation ◽  
Modulation Scheme ◽  
Hybrid Frequency

Synergy of Resonant Oscillatory Modes in Atomic Force Microscopy of Polymers

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (25) ◽  
pp. 1853-1858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Magonov ◽  
Sergey Belikov ◽  
John Alexander ◽  
Marko Surtchev
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Frequency Modulation ◽  
Phase Imaging ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Heterogeneous Samples ◽  
Modulation Mode

ABSTRACTThe set of oscillatory resonance AFM modes is expanded with frequency modulation mode and frequency imaging in amplitude modulation mode. The backgrounds of these modes are discussed and their capabilities are compared on the practical examples. The data show how these techniques complement the amplitude modulation with phase imaging. The frequency imaging enhances the compositional mapping of heterogeneous samples. Frequency modulation mode provides a superior capability in imaging at low tip-sample forces.

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