4 × 4 free-space optical switching using real-time binary phase-only holograms generated by a liquid-crystal display

1991 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Yamazaki ◽  
Masayasu Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Liquid Crystal Display ◽  
Free Space Optical ◽  
Binary Phase

scholarly journals An IoT based Low-cost Weather Monitoring System for Smart Farming

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.P.S.S.K. Dayananda ◽  
A. Narmilan ◽  
P. Pirapuraj
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Liquid Crystal Display ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Arduino Uno

Background: Weather monitoring is an important aspect of crop cultivation for reducing economic loss while increasing productivity. Weather is the combination of current meteorological components, such as temperature, wind direction and speed, amount and kind of precipitation, sunshine hours and so on. The weather defines a time span ranging from a few hours to several days. The periodic or continuous surveillance or the analysis of the status of the atmosphere and the climate, including parameters such as temperature, moisture, wind velocity and barometric pressure, is known as weather monitoring. Because of the increased usage of the internet, weather monitoring has been upgraded to smart weather monitoring. The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the new technology that can help with many precision farming operations. Smart weather monitoring is one of the precision agriculture technologies that use sensors to monitor correct weather. The main objective of the research is to design a smart weather monitoring and real-time alert system to overcome the issue of monitoring weather conditions in agricultural farms in order for farmers to make better decisions. Methods: Different sensors were used in this study to detect temperature and humidity, pressure, rain, light intensity, CO2 level, wind speed and direction in an agricultural farm and real time clock sensor was used to measured real time weather data. The major component of this system was an Arduino Uno microcontroller and the system ran according to a program written in the Arduino Uno software. Result: This is a low-cost smart weather monitoring system. This system’s output unit were a liquid crystal display and a GSM900A module. The weather data was displayed on a liquid crystal display and the GSM900A module was used to send the data to a mobile phone. This smart weather station was used to monitor real-time weather conditions while sending weather information to the farmer’s mobile phone, allowing him to make better decisions to increase yield.

scholarly journals Embedded Linux based agricultural field monitoring and automation using IoT

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.7) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Bhrugumalla L V S Aditya ◽  
K Subrahmanyam
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Liquid Crystal Display ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Embedded Linux ◽  
Field Monitoring ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Manual Operation

The main idea of this venture is to have an irrigation system which is self-controlled .it is also observed that the setup is available for a low price. Wi-Fi technology is used to design this setup. It also aims to reduce manual operation in the agricultural field. The changes taking place are noted. The results obtained are further used to develop the field. As the whole setup is online the readings and values are obtained in real-time a Liquid crystal display is used to know the readings of the conditions.  

scholarly journals In-plane Switching Deformed Helix Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Display Cells

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny P. Pozhidaev ◽  
Timofey P. Tkachenko ◽  
Artemy V. Kuznetsov ◽  
Igor N. Kompanets
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Liquid Crystal Display ◽  
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal ◽  
Natural Feature ◽  
Helix Pitch ◽  
Sub Wavelength

In-plane electro-optical switching (IPS) is a natural feature of a conventional planar-aligned display cell based on the deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal effect (DHFLC-effect) with a sub-wavelength helix pitch, if the tilt angle is close to 40 degrees.

Real-time color electroholography using multiple graphics processing units and multiple high-definition liquid-crystal display panels

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (31) ◽  
pp. 5993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Nakayama ◽  
Naoki Takada ◽  
Yasuyuki Ichihashi ◽  
Shin Awazu ◽  
Tomoyoshi Shimobaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Graphics Processing Units ◽  
Liquid Crystal Display ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Graphics Processing

Optomechanical design of a robust free-space optical switching system

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Reiley ◽  
Jose M. Sasian ◽  
Martin G. Beckman
Keyword(s):  
Free Space ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Switching System ◽  
Free Space Optical
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