Wide Range Sensing of Liquid Refractive Index

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiric W. Saaski ◽  
Gordon L. Mitchell ◽  
James C. Hartl
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Range Sensing ◽  
Wide Range

Simplified coupling power model for fibers fusion

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Saktioto ◽  
J. Ali ◽  
M. Fadhali
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Propagation Constant ◽  
Tunable Filter ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Coupling Region ◽  
Ratio Distribution ◽  
Hydrogen Flow ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractFiber coupler fabrication used for an optical waveguide requires lossless power for an optimal application. The previous research coupled fibers were successfully fabricated by injecting hydrogen flow at 1 bar and fused slightly by unstable torch flame in the range of 800–1350°C. Optical parameters may vary significantly over wide range physical properties. Coupling coefficient and refractive index are estimated from the experimental result of the coupling ratio distribution from 1% to 75%. The change of geometrical fiber affects the normalized frequency V even for single mode fibers. V is derived and some parametric variations are performed on the left and right hand side of the coupling region. A partial power is modelled and derived using V, normalized lateral phase constant u, and normalized lateral attenuation constant, w through the second kind of modified Bessel function of the l order, which obeys the normal mode and normalized propagation constant b. Total power is maintained constant in order to comply with the energy conservation law. The power is integrated through V, u, and w over the pulling length of 7500 µm for 1-D. The core radius of a fiber significantly affects V and power partially at coupling region rather than wavelength and refractive index of core and cladding. This model has power phenomena in transmission and reflection for an optical switch and tunable filter.

scholarly journals Improved Refractive Index-Sensing Performance of Multimode Fano-Resonance-Based Metal-Insulator-Metal Nanostructures

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2097
Author(s):  
Yuan-Fong Chou Chau ◽  
Chung-Ting Chou Chao ◽  
Siti Zubaidah Binti Haji Jumat ◽  
Muhammad Raziq Rahimi Kooh ◽  
Roshan Thotagamuge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Fano Resonance ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Metal Nanostructures ◽  
Refractive Index Sensor ◽  
Metal Insulator ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metal Insulator Metal ◽  
Mode 2

This work proposed a multiple mode Fano resonance-based refractive index sensor with high sensitivity that is a rarely investigated structure. The designed device consists of a metal–insulator–metal (MIM) waveguide with two rectangular stubs side-coupled with an elliptical resonator embedded with an air path in the resonator and several metal defects set in the bus waveguide. We systematically studied three types of sensor structures employing the finite element method. Results show that the surface plasmon mode’s splitting is affected by the geometry of the sensor. We found that the transmittance dips and peaks can dramatically change by adding the dual air stubs, and the light–matter interaction can effectively enhance by embedding an air path in the resonator and the metal defects in the bus waveguide. The double air stubs and an air path contribute to the cavity plasmon resonance, and the metal defects facilitate the gap plasmon resonance in the proposed plasmonic sensor, resulting in remarkable characteristics compared with those of plasmonic sensors. The high sensitivity of 2600 nm/RIU and 1200 nm/RIU can simultaneously achieve in mode 1 and mode 2 of the proposed type 3 structure, which considerably raises the sensitivity by 216.67% for mode 1 and 133.33% for mode 2 compared to its regular counterpart, i.e., type 2 structure. The designed sensing structure can detect the material’s refractive index in a wide range of gas, liquids, and biomaterials (e.g., hemoglobin concentration).

Wide-range tunable, dual-band, background refractive index insensitive terahertz absorber based on graphene and Dirac semimetal

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuaizhao Wang ◽  
Ronghui Xu ◽  
Zujun Qin ◽  
Houquan Liu ◽  
Shijie Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Terahertz Absorber ◽  
Dirac Semimetal ◽  
Wide Range

scholarly journals Method to measure the size-resolved real part of aerosol refractive index using differential mobility analyzer in tandem with single-particle soot photometer

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 3541-3550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Zhao ◽  
Weilun Zhao ◽  
Chunsheng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Differential Mobility ◽  
Ambient Aerosols ◽  
Aerosol Radiative Forcing ◽  
Abstract Knowledge ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aerosol Radiative Effects ◽  
Aerosol Radiative

Abstract. Knowledge on the refractive index of ambient aerosols can help reduce the uncertainties in estimating aerosol radiative forcing. A new method is proposed to retrieve the size-resolved real part of the refractive index (RRI). The main principle of deriving the RRI is measuring the scattering intensity by a single-particle soot photometer (SP2) of size-selected aerosols. This method is validated by a series of calibration experiments using the components of the known RRI. The retrieved size-resolved RRI covers a wide range, from 200 to 450 nm, with uncertainty of less than 0.02. Measurements of the size-resolved RRI can improve the understanding of the aerosol radiative effects.

Waveguides Fabricated in LiNbO3 by Proton Implantation

1991 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Moretti ◽  
P. Thevenard ◽  
K. Wirl ◽  
P. Hertel
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Refractive Index Profile ◽  
Planar Waveguides ◽  
Optical Barrier ◽  
Dark Line ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ion Energies ◽  
Optical Planar Waveguides ◽  
Proton Implantation ◽  
Mode Spectroscopy

ABSTRACTOptical planar waveguides, with a controllable thickness in a very wide range, typically from 3 to 20 μm, can be fabricated by thermally controlled proton implantation in LiNbO3. In the nuclear stopping region at the end of the ion's tracks a sufficient decrease in refractive index is obtained, thus forming an adequate optical barrier. The mode confinement was investigated by dark line mode spectroscopy, and the refractive index profiles were reconstructed. The effects of different ion fluences and ion energies in the Mev range on the refractive index profile at 300 K have been investigated.

scholarly journals A Microring Temperature Sensor Based on the Surface Plasmon Wave

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Wenchao Li ◽  
Xiaopeng Sha ◽  
Dongyang An ◽  
Zhiquan Li
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Surface Plasmon ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Wavelength Shift ◽  
Output Spectrum ◽  
Surface Plasmon Wave ◽  
Waveguiding Structure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plasmon Wave

A structure of microring sensor suitable for temperature measurement based on the surface plasmon wave is put forward in this paper. The sensor uses surface plasmon multilayer waveguiding structure in the vertical direction and U-shaped microring structure in the horizontal direction and utilizes SOI as the thermal material. The transfer function derivation of the structure of surface plasmon microring sensor is according to the transfer matrix method. While the change of refractive index of Si is caused by the change of ambient temperature, the effective refractive index of the multilayer waveguiding structure is changed, resulting in the drifting of the sensor output spectrum. This paper focuses on the transmission characteristics of multilayer waveguide structure and the impact on the output spectrum caused by refractive index changes in temperature parts. According to the calculation and simulation, the transmission performance of the structure is stable and the sensitivity is good. The resonance wavelength shift can reach 0.007 μm when the temperature is increased by 100 k and FSR can reach about 60 nm. This structure achieves a high sensitivity in the temperature sense taking into account a wide range of filter frequency selections, providing a theoretical basis for the preparation of microoptics.

scholarly journals Metamaterial Cell-Based Superstrate towards Bandwidth and Gain Enhancement of Quad-Band CPW-Fed Antenna for Wireless Applications

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Salem Al-Bawri ◽  
Md Shabiul Islam ◽  
Hin Yong Wong ◽  
Mohd Faizal Jamlos ◽  
Adam Narbudowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Wave Propagation ◽  
Negative Refractive Index ◽  
Coplanar Waveguide ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Gain Enhancement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
High Bandwidth

A multiband coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed antenna loaded with metamaterial unit cell for GSM900, WLAN, LTE-A, and 5G Wi-Fi applications is presented in this paper. The proposed metamaterial structure is a combination of various symmetric split-ring resonators (SSRR) and its characteristics were investigated for two major axes directions at (x and y-axis) wave propagation through the material. For x-axis wave propagation, it indicates a wide range of negative refractive index in the frequency span of 2–8.5 GHz. For y-axis wave propagation, it shows more than 2 GHz bandwidth of near-zero refractive index (NZRI) property. Two categories of the proposed metamaterial plane were applied to enhance the bandwidth and gain. The measured reflection coefficient (S11) demonstrated significant bandwidths increase at the upper bands by 4.92–6.49 GHz and 3.251–4.324 GHz, considered as a rise of 71.4% and 168%, respectively, against the proposed antenna without using metamaterial. Besides being high bandwidth achieving, the proposed antenna radiates bi-directionally with 95% as the maximum radiation efficiency. Moreover, the maximum measured gain reaches 6.74 dBi by a 92.57% improvement compared with the antenna without using metamaterial. The simulation and measurement results of the proposed antenna show good agreement.

scholarly journals Sensitivity Enhancement of a Concave Shaped Optical Fiber Refractive Index Sensor Covered with Multiple Au Nanowires

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. 4210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pathak ◽  
Rahman ◽  
Singh ◽  
Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Localized Surface Plasmon ◽  
Refractive Index Sensor ◽  
Au Film ◽  
The Core ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Guided Mode ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Au Nanowires

In the present paper, a new kind of concave shaped refractive index sensor (CSRIS) exploiting localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is proposed and numerically optimized. The LSPR effect between polaritons and the core guided mode of designed CSRIS is used to enhance the sensing performance. The sensor is characterized for two types of sensing structures coated with gold (Au) film and Au nanowires (AuNWs), respectively. The influence of structural parameters such as the distance (D) of the concave shaped channel (CSC) from the core, the diameter of the nanowire (dn) and the size (s) of the CSC are investigated here. In comparison to Au film, the AuNWs are shown to significantly enhance the sensitivity and the performance of the designed sensor. An enhanced sensitivity of 4471 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) is obtained with AuNWs, for a wide range of analytes refractive index (na) varying between 1.33 to 1.38. However, for conventional Au film; the sensitivity of 808.57 nm/RIU is obtained for the same range of analytes.

scholarly journals Mounting Media and Antifade Reagents

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Tony J. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Signal Loss ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Optical Aberrations ◽  
Wide Range

In the biomedical sciences, samples are mounted in a wide variety of media for examination by microscope. There are a wide variety of mounting media available with a correspondingly wide range of properties. Using the incorrect mounting medium may cause signal loss and optical aberrations; the correct mounting medium avoids such aberrations and preserves fluorescence signal with “anti-fading” properties. This article introduces mounting media for fluorescence microscopy, providing descriptions of their constituents and their properties, as well as accounts of users' experienceMore detailed reviews of antifade reagents have been published by Ono et al. and Longin et al.. Papers describing the effect of refractive index (RI) mismatch have been published by Diaspro et al. and Hell et al..

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document