Deterministic Layer-2 Ring Network with Autonomous Dynamic Gate Shaping for Multi-Service Convergence in 5G and Beyond

Author(s):  
Naotaka Shibata ◽  
Shin Kaneko ◽  
Kazuaki Honda ◽  
Jun Terada
2014 ◽  
Vol E97.B (7) ◽  
pp. 1303-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro NAKAGAWA ◽  
Kyota HATTORI ◽  
Naoki KIMISHIMA ◽  
Masaru KATAYAMA ◽  
Akira MISAWA

Author(s):  
Nannan Li ◽  
Yu Pan ◽  
Yaran Chen ◽  
Zixiang Ding ◽  
Dongbin Zhao ◽  
...  

AbstractRecently, tensor ring networks (TRNs) have been applied in deep networks, achieving remarkable successes in compression ratio and accuracy. Although highly related to the performance of TRNs, rank selection is seldom studied in previous works and usually set to equal in experiments. Meanwhile, there is not any heuristic method to choose the rank, and an enumerating way to find appropriate rank is extremely time-consuming. Interestingly, we discover that part of the rank elements is sensitive and usually aggregate in a narrow region, namely an interest region. Therefore, based on the above phenomenon, we propose a novel progressive genetic algorithm named progressively searching tensor ring network search (PSTRN), which has the ability to find optimal rank precisely and efficiently. Through the evolutionary phase and progressive phase, PSTRN can converge to the interest region quickly and harvest good performance. Experimental results show that PSTRN can significantly reduce the complexity of seeking rank, compared with the enumerating method. Furthermore, our method is validated on public benchmarks like MNIST, CIFAR10/100, UCF11 and HMDB51, achieving the state-of-the-art performance.


2021 ◽  
Vol 226 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Garcia-Calero ◽  
Lara López-González ◽  
Margaret Martínez-de-la-Torre ◽  
Chen-Ming Fan ◽  
Luis Puelles

AbstractWe focus this report on the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (NLOT), a superficial amygdalar nucleus receiving olfactory input. Mixed with its Tbr1-expressing layer 2 pyramidal cell population (NLOT2), there are Sim1-expressing cells whose embryonic origin and mode of arrival remain unclear. We examined this population with Sim1-ISH and a Sim1-tauLacZ mouse line. An alar hypothalamic origin is apparent at the paraventricular area, which expresses Sim1 precociously. This progenitor area shows at E10.5 a Sim1-expressing dorsal prolongation that crosses the telencephalic stalk and follows the terminal sulcus, reaching the caudomedial end of the pallial amygdala. We conceive this Sim1-expressing hypothalamo-amygdalar corridor (HyA) as an evaginated part of the hypothalamic paraventricular area, which participates in the production of Sim1-expressing cells. From E13.5 onwards, Sim1-expressing cells migrated via the HyA penetrate the posterior pallial amygdalar radial unit and associate therein to the incipient Tbr1-expressing migration stream which swings medially past the amygdalar anterior basolateral nucleus (E15.5), crosses the pallio-subpallial boundary (E16.5), and forms the NLOT2 within the anterior amygdala by E17.5. We conclude that the Tbr1-expressing NLOT2 cells arise strictly within the posterior pallial amygdalar unit, involving a variety of required gene functions we discuss. Our results are consistent with the experimental data on NLOT2 origin reported by Remedios et al. (Nat Neurosci 10:1141–1150, 2007), but we disagree on their implication in this process of the dorsal pallium, observed to be distant from the amygdala.


1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 2427-2445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heath S. Lukatch ◽  
M. Bruce Maciver

Lukatch, Heath S. and M. Bruce MacIver. Physiology, pharmacology, and topography of cholinergic neocortical oscillations in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 2427–2445, 1997. Rat neocortical brain slices generated rhythmic extracellular field [microelectroencephalogram (micro-EEG)] oscillations at theta frequencies (3–12 Hz) when exposed to pharmacological conditions that mimicked endogenous ascending cholinergic and GABAergic inputs. Use of the specific receptor agonist and antagonist carbachol and bicuculline revealed that simultaneous muscarinic receptor activation and γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA)-mediated disinhibition werenecessary to elicit neocortical oscillations. Rhythmic activity was independent of GABAB receptor activation, but required intact glutamatergic transmission, evidenced by blockade or disruption of oscillations by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione and (±)-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid, respectively. Multisite mapping studies showed that oscillations were localized to areas 29d and 18b (Oc2MM) and parts of areas 18a and 17. Peak oscillation amplitudes occurred in layer 2/3, and phase reversals were observed in layers 1 and 5. Current source density analysis revealed large-amplitude current sinks and sources in layers 2/3 and 5, respectively. An initial shift in peak inward current density from layer 1 to layer 2/3 indicated that two processes underlie an initial depolarization followed by oscillatory activity. Laminar transections localized oscillation-generating circuitry to superficial cortical layers and sharp-spike-generating circuitry to deep cortical layers. Whole cell recordings identified three distinct cell types based on response properties during rhythmic micro-EEG activity: oscillation-on (theta-on) and -off (theta-off) neurons, and transiently depolarizing glial cells. Theta-on neurons displayed membrane potential oscillations that increased in amplitude with hyperpolarization (from −30 to −90 mV). This, taken together with a glutamate antagonist-induced depression of rhythmic micro-EEG activity, indicated that cholinergically driven neocortical oscillations require excitatory synaptic transmission. We conclude that under the appropriate pharmacological conditions, neocortical brain slices were capable of producing localized theta frequency oscillations. Experiments examining oscillation physiology, pharmacology, and topography demonstrated that neocortical brain slice oscillations share many similarities with the in vivo and in vitro theta EEG activity recorded in other brain regions.


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