scholarly journals Simultaneous high-speed imaging of temperature, heat-release rate, and multi-species concentrations in turbulent jet flames

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 17017
Author(s):  
Naibo Jiang ◽  
Paul S. Hsu ◽  
Stephen W. Grib ◽  
Sukesh Roy
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Turbulent Jet ◽  
Jet Flames ◽  
High Speed Imaging ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Turbulent Jet Flames

Synchronization During Multi-Mode Thermoacoustic Oscillations in a Liquid-Fueled Gas Turbine Combustor at Elevated Pressure

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell L. Passarelli ◽  
J. D. Maxim Cirtwill ◽  
Timothy Wabel ◽  
Adam M. Steinberg ◽  
A. J. Wickersham
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Elevated Pressure ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Frequency Pulling ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermoacoustic Oscillations

Abstract This paper analyzes intermittent self-excited thermoacoustic oscillations in which the pressure (P′) and heat release rate (q̇′) fluctuations are harmonically coupled. That is to say, P′ and q̇′ do not oscillate at the same frequencies, but rather at frequencies in integer ratios. Thus, this system represents a case dominated by nonlinear cross-mode coupling. The measurements were obtained in an optically-accessible combustor equipped with an industrial gas turbine fuel injector operating with liquid fuel under partially-premixed conditions at elevated pressure. High-speed chemiluminescence (CL) imaging of OH* was used as an indicator of the heat release rate. The data was processed using spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD) to isolate the dominant heat release and pressure modes. Synchronization theory was used to determine when the modes are coupled and how their interaction manifests in the measurements, particularly how it relates to the observed intermittency. The results show three distinct intervals of synchronized oscillation shared by all the mode pairs analyzed. The first interval exhibits the same characteristics as a pair of noisy, phase-locked self-oscillators, with phase-slipping and frequency-pulling. While the behaviour of the second interval differs among mode pairs, strong frequency-pulling is observed during the third interval for all pairs.

scholarly journals Characteristics of fire in high-speed train carriages

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-95
Author(s):  
Haiquan Bi ◽  
Yuanlong Zhou ◽  
Honglin Wang ◽  
Qilin Gou ◽  
Xiaoxia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Ignition Temperature ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
High Speed Train ◽  
Fire Source

With the rapid development of high-speed railways, safety hazards presented by train fires cannot be ignored. An effective design for protection against fire in high-speed trains is essential to ensure passenger safety. In this study, the cone calorimeter and ignition temperature tester were used to carry out combustion experiments on materials constituting the main components of the train. The heat release rate, smoke yield, CO yield, and ignition temperature of combustible materials were tested. Based on the experimental data of material combustion, a numerical model of the high-speed train carriage fire was simulated. The accuracy of the numerical simulation was verified by drawing a comparison with the full-scale train fire experiment in existing literature. The numerical simulation results revealed that when the fire source is present at the corner of the carriage end door, the fire develops to the maximum possible extent in approximately 25 min, with a peak heat release rate of approximately 38.4 MW. Increase in the carriage fire heat release rate and breakage of windows occur almost simultaneously. Improvement of the fireproof performance of windows can inhibit and delay the carriage fire development. For the flashover of carriage fire, the spread speed of the flashover area in the longitudinal direction inside the carriage is approximately 1.9 m/s. The end door area furthest from the fire source in the carriage has strong flashover, while the flashover in other areas is weak.

scholarly journals An experimental study of the dual-fuel performance of a small compression ignition diesel engine operating with three gaseous fuels

2007 ◽  
Vol 221 (8) ◽  
pp. 943-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Stewart ◽  
A Clarke ◽  
R Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Ci Engine

A dual-fuel engine is a compression ignition (CI) engine where the primary gaseous fuel source is premixed with air as it enters the combustion chamber. This homogenous mixture is ignited by a small quantity of diesel, the ‘pilot’, that is injected towards the end of the compression stroke. In the present study, a direct-injection CI engine, was fuelled with three different gaseous fuels: methane, propane, and butane. The engine performance at various gaseous concentrations was recorded at 1500 r/min and quarter, half, and three-quarters relative to full a load of 18.7 kW. In order to investigate the combustion performance, a novel three-zone heat release rate analysis was applied to the data. The resulting heat release rate data are used to aid understanding of the performance characteristics of the engine in dual-fuel mode. Data are presented for the heat release rates, effects of engine load and speed, brake specific energy consumption of the engine, and combustion phasing of the three different primary gaseous fuels. Methane permitted the maximum energy substitution, relative to diesel, and yielded the most significant reductions in CO2. However, propane also had significant reductions in CO2 but had an increased diffusional combustion stage which may lend itself to the modern high-speed direct-injection engine.

Self-Sustained Instabilities in an Annular Combustor Coupled by Azimuthal and Longitudinal Acoustic Modes

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Francois Bourgouin ◽  
Daniel Durox ◽  
Jonas P. Moeck ◽  
Thierry Schuller ◽  
Sébastien Candel
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Acoustic Mode ◽  
Azimuthal Mode ◽  
Longitudinal Acoustic ◽  
Acoustic Modes ◽  
Annular Combustor

Annular combustors may give rise to various types of combustion instabilities. Some of the resulting oscillations coupled by transverse acoustic modes are commonly observed in practice and their suppression or reduction is an important issue which needs to be considered. The present study is carried out in a system comprising an annular plenum feeding 16 swirling injectors confined by two cylindrical quartz tubes opened to the atmosphere. Calculations based on a Helmholtz solver provide a suitable estimate of frequencies observed experimentally and reveal the modal structure corresponding to the longitudinal and transverse oscillations. High speed images obtained under reactive conditions are then processed to extract the structure of heat release rate perturbations and match this structure with that of the coupling acoustic mode. It is found that the transverse instability is coupled by a first azimuthal mode which is characterized by a time varying spin ratio. This index gives the respective levels of rotating components in the azimuthal mode. Another instability arising at a lower frequency is coupled by a longitudinal acoustic mode giving rise to high-amplitude oscillations in heat release rate in which most of the flames (but not all) are synchronized and in phase with the pressure perturbation.

Numerical Simulation of the Combustion and Emissions of HPDI Engine under Different Natural Gas Substitution Rate

2014 ◽  
Vol 1044-1045 ◽  
pp. 362-369
Author(s):  
Li Ming Dai ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Zhou Rong Zhang ◽  
Zhi Xia He ◽  
Zhi Sheng Gao
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Substitution Rate ◽  
Average Pressure ◽  
Temperature Decrease ◽  
No Emission ◽  
Temperature Heat

Numerical simulation of the combustion and emissions of HPDI engine under different natural gas substitution rate was performed using AVL FIRE . The effects of natural gas substitution rate on cylinder average pressure, temperature, heat release rate, NO and Soot were analyzed under four typical conditions. Cylinder average pressure and temperature decrease with increasing natural gas substitution rate. Furthermore, the NO emission will decrease significantly under the same circumstances.

Analysis of Combustion Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Space Dispersed Double-Wall-Jet Combustion System

2011 ◽  
Vol 308-310 ◽  
pp. 1302-1313
Author(s):  
Peng Jiang Guo ◽  
Xi Yan Gao ◽  
Yun Bang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Wall Jet ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Peak Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Crank Angle ◽  
Double Wall

Based on the ideas of wall-guiding-spray and spatial dispersion, A new type of diesel engine double-wall-jet combustion system is designed. The effect of speed, load and injection condition on the double-wall-jet combustion system is researched by testing, on the double-wall-jet combustion system, the combustion modes for whole working condition is analyzed, the comparison of combustion and performance between the original machine with the new one is carried out. The results showed that: Instantaneous heat release rate of double-wall-jet combustion system shows a single peak. As the speed increases, the corresponding crank angle of ignition retards, the peak outbreak pressure increases and then decreases, the peak instantaneous heat release rate, the peak average temperature, the peak cylinder pressure rise ratio, and the cumulative heat release per unit mass of working gas is reduced. As the load increases, the corresponding crank angles of peak cylinder pressure and gravity center of heat release rate are postponed. With the load increasing, the ignition crank angle corresponds early at low speed, and the ignition point does not change significantly with the load at high speed. The effect of the injector hole diameter/number on the cylinder pressure and instantaneous heat release rate curve is not significant at high speed and large loads, but at low speed and large loads is significant. Cylinder pressure of 6-Φ21 injector is higher than 5-Φ25, the instantaneous heat release rate of 6-Φ21 injector has a trend of a single peak, the instantaneous heat release rate of 5-Φ25 injector has a trend of a double peak and the focus of the heat release rate postponed. With the advancing of injection timing, the ignition crank angle and combustion phase advances, the peak cylinder pressure increases. Injection pressure has little effect on the combustion characteristics. By comparison with the original machine, while maintaining the power performance of the same circumstances, the cylinder pressure and NOx emissions of double-wall-jet engine are reduced in degree, fuel consumption rate is not almost changed, and the same plane rather, smoke intensity is improved at low speed, smoke intensity at high speed smoke high-speed only deteriorates of 0.2-0.3 BSU.

Heat Release Rate and Cylinder Gas Pressure Oscillation in Low and High Speed Knock

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromitsu Ando ◽  
Atsushi Nishiyama ◽  
Yoshihiro Wachi ◽  
Kazunari Kuwahara ◽  
Yasuyuki Sakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Pressure Oscillation ◽  
Gas Pressure
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