scholarly journals Accurate model to predict performance of coherent optical transponder for high baud rate and advanced modulation format

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 12970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Yang Yue ◽  
Xuan He ◽  
Andre Vovan ◽  
Jon Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Baud Rate ◽  
Accurate Model ◽  
Modulation Format

scholarly journals Routing, Modulation Format, Baud Rate and Spectrum Allocation in Optical Metro Rings With Flexible Grid and Few-Mode Transmission

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Rottondi ◽  
Pierpaolo Boffi ◽  
Paolo Martelli ◽  
Massimo Tornatore
Keyword(s):  
Spectrum Allocation ◽  
Baud Rate ◽  
Modulation Format ◽  
Flexible Grid

Modulation format and baud-rate identification using asynchronous single channel sampling based on CNN

2020 ◽  
Vol 463 ◽  
pp. 125363
Author(s):  
Jie Gao ◽  
Xian Zhou ◽  
Qirui Fan ◽  
Dongxu Lu ◽  
Jiahao Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Baud Rate ◽  
Modulation Format

scholarly journals Optimization of Q-Values for Coherent Optical Transmission Network

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Abdul Gafur ◽  
M. S. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Optical Transmission ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Noise Power ◽  
Transmission Network ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Baud Rate ◽  
Optical Link ◽  
Modulation Format ◽  
Q Values

In this paper we have analyzed the Gaussian Non-linear Interference (GNLI) spectrum considering non identical channels, non-identical links and Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) noise power spectrum for Coherent Optical Transmission Network (COTN) to calculate the Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) and Quality (Q) values. In this study, three different Baud rate values (13.875Gbaud, 27.75Gbaud, and 55.5Gbaud) are considered to compute the Q values and OSNR in the COTN. Consequently, the COTN produces 111 Gb/s, 222 Gb/s and 444 Gb/s line rates for three different Baud rate values (13.875Gbaud, 27.75Gbaud, and 55.5Gbaud) respectively in PM-16QAM modulation format. It is confirmed that the OSNR is always greater than Q values. It is also found that the differences between OSNR and Q are 0.23dB, 1.73dB, and 3.24dB for 111Gb/s, 222Gb/s and 444Gb/s line rates respectively. Here transmission of launch power per span, number of channels, number of spans and the fiber dispersion in the optical link are considered.

scholarly journals Your Brain Is Not an Onion With a Tiny Reptile Inside

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260
Author(s):  
Joseph Cesario ◽  
David J. Johnson ◽  
Heather L. Eisthen
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Introductory Psychology ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Accurate Model ◽  
Nervous System Evolution ◽  
Neural Evolution ◽  
Human Brains ◽  
Unanimous Agreement

A widespread misconception in much of psychology is that (a) as vertebrate animals evolved, “newer” brain structures were added over existing “older” brain structures, and (b) these newer, more complex structures endowed animals with newer and more complex psychological functions, behavioral flexibility, and language. This belief, although widely shared in introductory psychology textbooks, has long been discredited among neurobiologists and stands in contrast to the clear and unanimous agreement on these issues among those studying nervous-system evolution. We bring psychologists up to date on this issue by describing the more accurate model of neural evolution, and we provide examples of how this inaccurate view may have impeded progress in psychology. We urge psychologists to abandon this mistaken view of human brains.

40 Gb/s High-speed mode-division multiplexing transmission employing NRZ modulation format

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabiu Imam Sabitu ◽  
Nafizah Goriman Khan ◽  
Amin Malekmohammadi
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Threshold Power ◽  
Modulation Format ◽  
Transmission Distance ◽  
Mode Division Multiplexing ◽  
Speed Mode

AbstractThis report examines the performance of a high-speed MDM transmission system supporting four nondegenerate spatial modes at 10 Gb/s. The analysis adopts the NRZ modulation format to evaluate the system performance in terms of a minimum power required (PN) and the nonlinear threshold power (PTH) at a BER of 10−9. The receiver sensitivity, optical signal-to-noise ratio, and the maximum transmission distance were investigated using the direct detection by employing a multimode erbium-doped amplifier (MM-EDFA). It was found that by properly optimizing the MM-EDFA, the system performance can significantly be improved.

scholarly journals Asymmetric Ge/SiGe coupled quantum well modulators

Nanophotonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1765-1773
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Jianfeng Gao ◽  
Senbiao Qin ◽  
Ming Cheng ◽  
Kang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Quantum Well ◽  
Quantum Wells ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Extinction Ratio ◽  
High Frequency Response ◽  
Modulation Format ◽  
Silicon Photonic ◽  
Coupled Quantum Well

Abstract We design and demonstrate an asymmetric Ge/SiGe coupled quantum well (CQW) waveguide modulator for both intensity and phase modulation with a low bias voltage in silicon photonic integration. The asymmetric CQWs consisting of two quantum wells with different widths are employed as the active region to enhance the electro-optical characteristics of the device by controlling the coupling of the wave functions. The fabricated device can realize 5 dB extinction ratio at 1446 nm and 1.4 × 10−3 electrorefractive index variation at 1530 nm with the associated modulation efficiency V π L π of 0.055 V cm under 1 V reverse bias. The 3 dB bandwidth for high frequency response is 27 GHz under 1 V bias and the energy consumption per bit is less than 100 fJ/bit. The proposed device offers a pathway towards a low voltage, low energy consumption, high speed and compact modulator for silicon photonic integrated devices, as well as opens possibilities for achieving advanced modulation format in a more compact and simple frame.

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