Holographic imaging and interferometry with non-Bragg diffraction orders in the volume gratings

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kukhtarev ◽  
T. Kukhtareva ◽  
P. P. Banerjee ◽  
G. Nehmetallah
Keyword(s):  
Bragg Diffraction ◽  
Holographic Imaging ◽  
Volume Gratings

Geometric phases in volume gratings by off-Bragg diffraction

1993 ◽  
Vol 98 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Liñares ◽  
M.C. Nistal
Keyword(s):  
Bragg Diffraction ◽  
Geometric Phases ◽  
Volume Gratings

Holographic imaging and interferometry with non-Bragg diffraction orders on volume and surface-relief gratings in lithium niobate and photo-thermoplastic materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (16) ◽  
pp. 1428-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arcadi Chirita ◽  
Nickolai Kukhtarev ◽  
Tatiana Kukhtareva ◽  
Oleg Korshak ◽  
Vladimir Prilepov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Niobate ◽  
Surface Relief ◽  
Bragg Diffraction ◽  
Holographic Imaging ◽  
Surface Relief Gratings

Performance and applications of the holography electron microscope

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1078-1079
Author(s):  
Akira Tonomura
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Phase Measurement ◽  
Electron Holography ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Magnetic Lens ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Holographic Imaging ◽  
Dynamic Observation

Electron holography is a two-step imaging method. However, the ultimate performance of holographic imaging is mainly determined by the brightness of the electron beam used in the hologram-formation process. In our 350kV holography electron microscope (see Fig. 1), the decrease in the inherently high brightness of field-emitted electrons is minimized by superposing a magnetic lens in the gun, for a resulting value of 2 × 109 A/cm2 sr. This high brightness has lead to the following distinguished features. The minimum spacing (d) of carrier fringes is d = 0.09 Å, thus allowing a reconstructed image with a resolution, at least in principle, as high as 3d=0.3 Å. The precision in phase measurement can be as high as 2π/100, since the position of fringes can be known precisely from a high-contrast hologram formed under highly collimated illumination. Dynamic observation becomes possible because the current density is high.

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