New optical compact disk system for digital audio

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senri Miyaoka
1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. L. Horikx ◽  
Kiyoshi Osato ◽  
Naoya Eguchi ◽  
J. L. Bakx

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 3340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisami Nishi ◽  
Hiroyuki Ichikawa ◽  
Minoru Toyama ◽  
Ichiro Kitano

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Paul L.M. Put

The commercial life of optical disks started in the late 1970s with prerecorded, read-only video disks. The video information was stored on the disks in the form of pits with varying lengths aligned in a spiral track, a structure which lends itself to easy mass replication. The pits were recorded in a “master” disk by exposing a positive photoresist to a focused beam of blue or UV light from a gas laser and subsequently developing the resist. Now, some 15 years later, mass-replicated, read-only video and audio disks still form the most important application of optical disk technology. Today a large majority of the corresponding masters are recorded using virtually the same technique.In view of the relative importance of prerecorded disks, it is amazing that so little seems to have changed in the mastering processes. Part of the explanation lies in the fact that the dimensions of the relief structures on the early optical disks were defined by what a player could read using relatively cheap optics, rather than by what could be made in the mastering process. If in the beginning the analog video disk system (Video Long Play or LaserVision) was rather demanding, the digital audio disk (compact disk) (see Figure 1a), introduced later, was a much easier system from a mastering point of view. In that period a trend toward cheaper and faster mastering techniques developed, resulting in a few proposals for direct-effect and direct metal mastering. However, in the meantime very high-quality mastering became necessary for the CD-video system and for preformatted data disks. In the CD-video system, the combination of digital audio and analog video leads in some cases to pits as short as 300 nm (see Figure 1b). On preformatted data disks, wide shallow grooves may have to be combined with narrow deep header pits (Figure 1c).


2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Akiyama ◽  
T. Kamikawara ◽  
K. Urushiyama ◽  
T. Nakamoto ◽  
H. Sawata ◽  
...  

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 3990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Torazawa ◽  
Satoshi Sumi ◽  
Seiji Murata ◽  
Shigekazu Minechika ◽  
Yasuhiro Ishii
Keyword(s):  

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul O. McLaughlin ◽  
Minoru Toyama ◽  
Ichiro Kitano

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1589-1594
Author(s):  
Yvonne van Zaalen ◽  
Isabella Reichel

Purpose Among the best strategies to address inadequate speech monitoring skills and other parameters of communication in people with cluttering (PWC) is the relatively new but very promising auditory–visual feedback (AVF) training ( van Zaalen & Reichel, 2015 ). This study examines the effects of AVF training on articulatory accuracy, pause duration, frequency, and type of disfluencies of PWC, as well as on the emotional and cognitive aspects that may be present in clients with this communication disorder ( Reichel, 2010 ; van Zaalen & Reichel, 2015 ). Methods In this study, 12 male adolescents and adults—6 with phonological and 6 with syntactic cluttering—were provided with weekly AVF training for 12 weeks, with a 3-month follow-up. Data was gathered on baseline (T0), Week 6 (T1), Week 12 (T2), and after follow-up (T3). Spontaneous speech was recorded and analyzed by using digital audio-recording and speech analysis software known as Praat ( Boersma & Weenink, 2017 ). Results The results of this study indicated that PWC demonstrated significant improvements in articulatory rate measurements and in pause duration following the AVF training. In addition, the PWC in the study reported positive effects on their ability to retell a story and to speak in more complete sentences. PWC felt better about formulating their ideas and were more satisfied with their interactions with people around them. Conclusions The AVF training was found to be an effective approach for improving monitoring skills of PWC with both quantitative and qualitative benefits in the behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and social domains of communication.


ASHA Leader ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 19-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Snyder ◽  
Peter Reitzes ◽  
Eric Jackson
Keyword(s):  

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