scholarly journals The impact of skin tone on photoacoustic oximetry and tools to minimize bias

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yash Mantri ◽  
Jesse Jokerst
Keyword(s):  
Skin Tone ◽  
The Impact

Exploring the Impact of Skin Tone Perception on Race-Related Outcomes and Familial Functioning Among African American Youth: Implications for African-Centered Interventions

2021 ◽  
pp. 104438942110271
Author(s):  
Husain Lateef ◽  
Heather Smyth ◽  
Maya Williams ◽  
Adrian Gale ◽  
Ed-Dee Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
African American Youth ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
Skin Tone ◽  
Tone Perception ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Racism and its ramifications are salient societal-level factors that detrimentally affect African American youth and families. Few studies have investigated how African American youth experience discrimination within families and society and colorism’s impact on racial identity, despite extensive racial discrimination research. We assessed whether the perceptions of African American youth of their skin tone affected their racial identity, familial functioning, and everyday discrimination, using the National Survey of American Life–Adolescent Supplement data. We found no significant relationships among skin tone perception, racial identity, familial functioning, or everyday experiences of discrimination. Conversely, age and gender differences were significant predictors of racial identity, family functioning, and discrimination reports. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings for social work practice.

Genderized Workplace Lookism in the U.S. and Abroad

2017 ◽  
pp. 61-85
Author(s):  
Cynthia Howard Sims
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
The United States ◽  
Skin Tone ◽  
Hair Color ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Global Workforce ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
Development Professionals ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Lookism is preferential treatment of those considered to be attractive and discrimination against those deemed less physically desirable. Value is attached to certain physical characteristics such as skin tone, height, weight, facial features, and hair color/textures. Two of the phenomena that exist under the umbrella of lookism are colorism and weightism, which are both genderized phenomenon that create social and workplace inequities. There are studies that explore physical appearance discrimination external to and within workplaces in the United States; however, there is little research on the impact of these prejudices on women abroad. Since today's global workforce is composed of women from various countries and cultural backgrounds, and their cultural values impact their career aspirations and career opportunities, organizational and career development professionals must understand the implications of both U.S. and international lookism and utilize strategies to address and prevent the related issues.

The Impact of Gendered Lookism During Employment Stages

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-109
Author(s):  
Cynthia Sims
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
The United States ◽  
Skin Tone ◽  
Hair Color ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Global Workforce ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
Development Professionals ◽  
The Impact

Lookism is preferential treatment of those considered to be attractive and discrimination against those deemed less physically desirable. Value is attached to certain physical characteristics such as skin tone, weight, facial features, and hair color. Two of the phenomena that exist under the umbrella of lookism are colorism and weightism, both of which create social and workplace inequities. There are studies that explore physical appearance discrimination external to and within workplaces in the United States, and an emerging body of literature regarding lookism abroad exists. Some of this research focuses on women's experiences with lookism in the workplace. Since today's global workforce is composed of women from various countries and cultural backgrounds, and their cultural values impact their career aspirations and career opportunities, organizational and career development professionals must understand the implications of both U.S. and global lookism and employ strategies to address and prevent the related issues.

scholarly journals Exploring the impact of skin tone on family dynamics and race-related outcomes.

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoinette M. Landor ◽  
Leslie Gordon Simons ◽  
Ronald L. Simons ◽  
Gene H. Brody ◽  
Chalandra M. Bryant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Skin Tone ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of User Biases Toward a Virtual Human’s Skin Tone on Triage Errors Within a Virtual World for Emergency Management Training

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 2057-2061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Zipp ◽  
Tyler Krause ◽  
Scotty D. Craig*
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Management ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Skin Tone ◽  
Mixed Design ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Ethnic Biases ◽  
The Impact

Biases influence the decisions people make in everyday life, even if they are unaware of it. This behavior transfers into social interactions in virtual environments. These systems are becoming an increasingly common platform for training, so it is critical to understand how biases will impact them. The present study investigates the effect of the ethnicity bias on error behaviors within a virtual world for medical triage training. Two between subjects variables, participant skin tone (light, dark) and avatar skin tone (light, dark), and one within subjects variable, agent/patient skin tone (light, dark), were manipulated to create a 2 X 2 X 2 mixed design with four conditions. Effects on errors were observed on errors made while helping patient (agents). Participants made considerably more errors while triaging dark-skinned agents which increased the amount of time spent on them, in comparison to light-skinned agents. Within a virtual world for training, people apply general ethnic biases against dark-skinned individuals, which is important to consider when designing such systems because the biases could impact the effectiveness of the training.

The color continuum: Skin tone and online dating preferences among Asian Americans

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 4027-4047
Author(s):  
Glenn T. Tsunokai ◽  
Augustine J. Kposowa ◽  
Ellen Carroll ◽  
Miriam Karamoko
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Online Dating ◽  
Skin Tone ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Gay Males ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
The Impact

Despite the increasing body of literature surrounding online dating preferences, there remains a paucity of research that analyzes whether skin color influences the dating selection process. To fill this empirical gap, the present study uses data collected from 2,024 Asian dating profiles, including the skin tone of the daters, to assess the impact that skin color variation may have on the inter- and intraracial dating preferences of heterosexual males and females as well as gay males and lesbians. This research also examines whether skin tone has a pronounced effect on the relationship between sexual orientation and the willingness to date Asians, African Americans, and Latino/Latinas. The current findings suggest that darker skinned Asians are more likely to state a preference to date African Americans and Latino/Latinas compared to their lighter skinned counterparts; however, they are less willing to date another Asian. The results also document significant interaction effects between sexual orientation and skin color differences. Our findings are discussed in relation to the racial hierarchy of preference and privilege that are inherently linked to the longstanding concept of colorism.

scholarly journals Women’s Disempowerment and Preferences for Skin Lightening Products That Reinforce Colorism: Experimental Evidence From India

2021 ◽  
pp. 036168432199379
Author(s):  
Arzi Adbi ◽  
Chirantan Chatterjee ◽  
Clarissa Cortland ◽  
Zoe Kinias ◽  
Jasjit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Women Of Color ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Skin Tone ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Teaching Faculty ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Skin Lightening

Global racism and colorism, the preference for fairer skin even within ethnic and racial groups, leads millions of women of African, Asian, and Latin descent to use products with chemical ingredients intended to lighten skin color. Drawing from literatures on the impact of chronic and situational disempowerment on behavioral risk-taking to enhance status, we hypothesized that activating feelings of disempowerment would increase women of color’s interest in stronger and riskier products meant to lighten skin tone quickly and effectively. In two experiments (Experiment 1: N = 253 women and 264 men; Experiment 2: replication study, N = 318 women) with distinct samples of Indian participants, we found that being in a state of psychological disempowerment (vs. empowerment) increased Indian women’s preference for stronger and riskier skin lightening products but not for milder products. Indian men’s interest in both types of products was unaffected by the same psychological disempowerment prime. Based on these findings, we recommend increased consideration among teaching faculty, research scholars, and clinicians on how feeling disempowered can lead women of color to take risks to lighten their skin as well as other issues of intersectionality and with respect to colorism. We also encourage the adoption of policies aimed at empowering women of color and minimizing access to harmful skin lightening products.

scholarly journals Microaggressions, Discrimination, and Phenotype among African Americans: A Latent Class Analysis of the Impact of Skin Tone and BMI

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verna M. Keith ◽  
Ann W. Nguyen ◽  
Robert Joseph Taylor ◽  
Dawne M. Mouzon ◽  
Linda M. Chatters
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Skin Tone ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
The Impact
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