scholarly journals Single infrared light pulses induce excitatory and inhibitory neuromodulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuedong Zhu ◽  
Jen-Wei Lin ◽  
Ahmet Turnali ◽  
Michelle Sander
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Light ◽  
Light Pulses

scholarly journals Interferometric characterization of 160 fs far‐infrared light pulses

1991 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 893-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. I. Greene ◽  
J. F. Federici ◽  
D. R. Dykaar ◽  
R. R. Jones ◽  
P. H. Bucksbaum
Keyword(s):  
Far Infrared ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Light Pulses

scholarly journals Coherent X-Ray Generation by Use of Mid-Infrared Light Pulses

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-277
Author(s):  
Nobuhisa ISHII ◽  
Takao FUJI ◽  
Andrius BALTUSKA ◽  
Ferenc KRAUSZ
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Light ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Light Pulses

scholarly journals Mode-locked short pulses from an 8 μm wavelength semiconductor laser

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Hillbrand ◽  
Nikola Opačak ◽  
Marco Piccardo ◽  
Harald Schneider ◽  
Gottfried Strasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carrier Transport ◽  
Quantum Cascade Lasers ◽  
Gain Medium ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Molecular Fingerprint ◽  
Short Pulses ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Frequency Combs ◽  
Monolithically Integrated ◽  
Light Pulses

AbstractQuantum cascade lasers (QCL) have revolutionized the generation of mid-infrared light. Yet, the ultrafast carrier transport in mid-infrared QCLs has so far constituted a seemingly insurmountable obstacle for the formation of ultrashort light pulses. Here, we demonstrate that careful quantum design of the gain medium and control over the intermode beat synchronization enable transform-limited picosecond pulses from QCL frequency combs. Both an interferometric radio-frequency technique and second-order autocorrelation shed light on the pulse dynamics and confirm that mode-locked operation is achieved from threshold to rollover current. Furthermore, we show that both anti-phase and in-phase synchronized states exist in QCLs. Being electrically pumped and compact, mode-locked QCLs pave the way towards monolithically integrated non-linear photonics in the molecular fingerprint region beyond 6 μm wavelength.

scholarly journals Ultrafast photofragmentation dynamics of molecular iodine driven with timed XUV and near-infrared light pulses

2011 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 024313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Krikunova ◽  
Theophilos Maltezopoulos ◽  
Philipp Wessels ◽  
Moritz Schlie ◽  
Armin Azima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Molecular Iodine ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Near Infrared Light ◽  
Light Pulses

Dynamic propagation study of phase-controlled infrared-light pulses in low-dimensional semiconductor heterostructures

2009 ◽  
Vol 373 (39) ◽  
pp. 3558-3562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Yu ◽  
Jiahua Li ◽  
Pei Huang ◽  
Anshou Zheng ◽  
Xiaoxue Yang
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Heterostructures ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Light Pulses ◽  
Dynamic Propagation ◽  
Low Dimensional

Fluorescent proteins for in vivo imaging, where's the biliverdin?

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 2657-2667
Author(s):  
Felipe Montecinos-Franjola ◽  
John Y. Lin ◽  
Erik A. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Red Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Color Palette

Noninvasive fluorescent imaging requires far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins for deeper imaging. Near-infrared light penetrates biological tissue with blood vessels due to low absorbance, scattering, and reflection of light and has a greater signal-to-noise due to less autofluorescence. Far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins absorb light >600 nm to expand the color palette for imaging multiple biosensors and noninvasive in vivo imaging. The ideal fluorescent proteins are bright, photobleach minimally, express well in the desired cells, do not oligomerize, and generate or incorporate exogenous fluorophores efficiently. Coral-derived red fluorescent proteins require oxygen for fluorophore formation and release two hydrogen peroxide molecules. New fluorescent proteins based on phytochrome and phycobiliproteins use biliverdin IXα as fluorophores, do not require oxygen for maturation to image anaerobic organisms and tumor core, and do not generate hydrogen peroxide. The small Ultra-Red Fluorescent Protein (smURFP) was evolved from a cyanobacterial phycobiliprotein to covalently attach biliverdin as an exogenous fluorophore. The small Ultra-Red Fluorescent Protein is biophysically as bright as the enhanced green fluorescent protein, is exceptionally photostable, used for biosensor development, and visible in living mice. Novel applications of smURFP include in vitro protein diagnostics with attomolar (10−18 M) sensitivity, encapsulation in viral particles, and fluorescent protein nanoparticles. However, the availability of biliverdin limits the fluorescence of biliverdin-attaching fluorescent proteins; hence, extra biliverdin is needed to enhance brightness. New methods for improved biliverdin bioavailability are necessary to develop improved bright far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins for noninvasive imaging in vivo.

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