Iterative optical technique for detecting anti-leishmania nanoparticles in mouse lesion

Shift a laser beam back and forth to exchange heat and work in thermodynamics

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83824-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

John A. C. Albay ◽

Zhi-Yi Zhou ◽

Cheng-Hung Chang ◽

Yonggun Jun

Keyword(s):

Optical Feedback ◽

Brownian Particle ◽

Time Varying ◽

Optical Technique ◽

Work Related ◽

Engine Efficiency ◽

Confining Potential ◽

Equipartition Theorem ◽

Virtual Temperature ◽

High Flexibility

AbstractAlthough the equivalence of heat and work has been unveiled since Joule’s ingenious experiment in 1845, they rarely originate from the same source in experiments. In this study, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrated how to use a high-precision optical feedback trap to combine the generation of virtual temperature and potential to simultaneously manipulate the heat and work of a small system. This idea was applied to a microscopic Stirling engine consisting of a Brownian particle under a time-varying confining potential and temperature. The experimental results justified the position and the velocity equipartition theorem, confirmed several theoretically predicted energetics, and revealed the engine efficiency as well as its trade-off relation with the output power. The small theory–experiment discrepancy and high flexibility of the swift change of the particle condition highlight the advantage of this optical technique and prove it to be an efficient way for exploring heat and work-related issues in the modern thermodynamics for small systems.

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The study of dielectrophoresis of cells using the optical technique of measuring

Journal of Biological Physics ◽

10.1007/bf02311219 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 6 (1-2) ◽

pp. 29-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

V. M. Fomchenkov ◽

B. K. Gavrilyuk

Keyword(s):

Optical Technique

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Electron bunch length monitors using spatially encoded electro-optical technique in an orthogonal configuration

Applied Physics Letters ◽

10.1063/1.3266919 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 95 (23) ◽

pp. 231106 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

X. Yang ◽

T. Tsang ◽

T. Rao ◽

J. B. Murphy ◽

Y. Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Bunch ◽

Bunch Length ◽

Optical Technique

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Optical technique for measuring the positive and negative dielectrophoretic behaviour of cells and colloidal suspensions

IEE Proceedings - Science Measurement and Technology ◽

10.1049/ip-smt:19941073 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 141 (5) ◽

pp. 395-399 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

M.S. Talary ◽

R. Pethig

Keyword(s):

Colloidal Suspensions ◽

Optical Technique

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Compact optical technique for streak camera calibration

Review of Scientific Instruments ◽

10.1063/1.1789250 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 75 (10) ◽

pp. 3930-3933 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Perry Bell ◽

Roger Griffith ◽

Karla Hagans ◽

Richard Lerche ◽

Curt Allen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Camera Calibration ◽

Streak Camera ◽

Optical Technique

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Shock temperatures in fused silica measured by optical technique

Journal of Applied Physics ◽

10.1063/1.331191 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 53 (6) ◽

pp. 4512-4514 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

H. Sugiura ◽

K. Kondo ◽

A. Sawaoka

Keyword(s):

Fused Silica ◽

Optical Technique

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Properties of flocs produced by water treatment coagulants

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2001.0628 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 44 (10) ◽

pp. 231-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

J. Gregory ◽

V. Dupont

Keyword(s):

Test Procedure ◽

Dynamic Monitoring ◽

Optical Technique ◽

Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽

Aluminium Sulfate ◽

Jar Test ◽

Water And Wastewater ◽

Clay Suspensions ◽

Polyaluminium Chloride ◽

Floc Breakage

Hydrolyzing coagulants are extensively used in water and wastewater treatment, often under conditions where hydroxide precipitation is important, giving “sweep flocculation”. Pre-hydrolyzed coagulants, such as polyaluminium chloride (PACl) are also widely used and have several advantages over traditional additives, such as aluminium sulfate. Their action is usually discussed in terms of cationic species and charge neutralization. However, precipitation may also be important and this aspect has not been considered in detail. The present work has compared the action of alum and three commercial PACl products on model clay suspensions. The conventional jar test procedure has been used, along with measurements of settled floc volume and dynamic monitoring of floc formation and break-up by an optical technique. The latter method gives very useful information on the nature of the flocs produced and their response to different shear conditions. It is clear from the results that the PACl products form larger and stronger flocs than alum. With all coagulants floc breakage appears to be essentially irreversible. Sediment volumes are slightly lower for flocs produced by PACl than by alum, but the value is proportional to the dosage in all cases.

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