Chip scale GaAs optical phased arrays for high speed beam steering

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (27) ◽  
pp. 8310
Author(s):  
Zihao Wang ◽  
Jiali Liao ◽  
Yanling Sun ◽  
Xiang’e Han ◽  
Yang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Phased Arrays ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Optical Phased Arrays

scholarly journals Serpentine optical phased arrays for scalable integrated photonic lidar beam steering

Optica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Dostart ◽  
Bohan Zhang ◽  
Anatol Khilo ◽  
Michael Brand ◽  
Kenaish Al Qubaisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phased Arrays ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Optical Phased Arrays

Optical beam steering using surface micromachined gratings and optical phased arrays

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Burns ◽  
Victor M. Bright ◽  
Steven C. Gustafson ◽  
Edward A. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Phased Arrays ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Optical Beam ◽  
Optical Phased Arrays

scholarly journals Sidelobe-Free Beam-Steering using Optical Phased Arrays for Neural Probes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Der Chen ◽  
Youngho Jung ◽  
Tianyuan Xue ◽  
Jason C. C. Mak ◽  
Xianshu Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phased Arrays ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Neural Probes ◽  
Optical Phased Arrays ◽  
Free Beam

scholarly journals 2D Optical Phased Arrays for Laser Beam Steering Based on 3D Polymer Photonic Integrated Circuits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Raptakis ◽  
Lefteris Gounaridis ◽  
Madeleine Weigel ◽  
Moritz Kleinert ◽  
Michalis Georgiopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Phased Arrays ◽  
Photonic Integrated Circuits ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Beam Width ◽  
Phase Shifters ◽  
Beam Scanning ◽  
Steering Angle ◽  
Experimental Proof ◽  
Optical Phased Arrays

We propose a novel concept for the implementation of 2-dimensional (2D) optical phased arrays (OPAs) with end-fire waveguides as antenna elements (AEs), and we present its theoretical model and experimental proof. The concept is based on the use of 3-dimensional (3D) photonic integrated circuits (PICs) with multiple waveguiding layers on the PolyBoard platform. In their simplest form, the 3D PICs comprise AEs at different layers, vertical and lateral couplers for the distribution of light among the AEs, and phase shifters for the execution of the 2D beam scanning process. Using the field equivalence principle, we model the radiated field from the single-mode waveguide of the platform at 1550 nm, and we find that the expected beam width is 12.7<sup>o</sup>. We also investigate the perturbation that is induced into propagating fields inside parallel waveguides in proximity, and we conclude that waveguide spacings down to 6 µm can be safely used for development of uniform OPAs in the PolyBoard platform. For OPAs with 6 µm pitch and 4 AEs, we find that the maximum steering angle is 14.0<sup>o</sup> and the expected angular clearance, wherein the main radiation lobe is higher than any grating lobe by at least 3, 6 and 10 dB is 10.8<sup>o</sup>, 7.6<sup>o</sup> and 2.8<sup>o</sup>, respectively. Based on our simulations, we design and fabricate single- and 2-layer PICs with 1×4 and 2×4 OPAs. The lateral pitch of the OPAs ranges from 10 down to 6 µm, while the vertical pitch is 7.2 µm. We experimentally characterize these OPAs and validate the potential of the 2-layer PICs for 2D beam scanning on the azimuthal and elevation plane. The beam profiles and the main scanning parameters such as the maximum steering angle and the relative intensity between the main and the grating lobes are found in excellent agreement with our simulations.

Optimization of Element Positions in Linear Optical Phased Arrays for Broad Beam Steering Operation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Souza ◽  
Ivan Aldaya ◽  
Julián Pita ◽  
Marcelo Abbade ◽  
Paulo Jarschel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phased Arrays ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Broad Beam ◽  
Optical Phased Arrays ◽  
Linear Optical

scholarly journals On-chip 2D beam-steering with a liquid-crystal-tunable optical phased array

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Nakamura ◽  
Akira Hashiya ◽  
Takaiki Nomura ◽  
Yoshikazu Yamaoka ◽  
Masahiko Tsukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Bragg Reflector ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Beam Angle ◽  
Optical Phased Arrays ◽  
Optical Phased Array ◽  
On Chip

Abstract Optical phased arrays (OPAs) with the ability of dynamic beam-steering hold great promise for industrial applications. Although they potentially offer high-resolution, high-speed and wide-angle beam-steering, 2D beam-steering has only been achieved by 1D OPAs with wavelength-tuning or by 2D OPAs containing enormous numbers of elements, thereby significantly increasing the system complexity and power consumption. Here we demonstrate a liquid-crystal-tunable Bragg-reflector waveguide outcoupler integrated with a 1D OPA. The output beam angle is controlled by an electric-field applied to the liquid crystal between the Bragg-mirrors, independently from steering along a second axis with the OPA. Our proof-of-concept demonstration with an 8-channel OPA shows 2D beam-steering with a 16° × 15° field-of-view and 12 ms × 14 μs time-response. Our approach opens a practical way for scalable OPAs capable of single wavelength 2D beam-steering, as well as demonstrating a strategy for the integration of liquid crystal materials with silicon photonics.

scholarly journals One-Dimensional Off-Chip Beam Steering and Shaping Using Optical Phased Arrays on Silicon-on-Insulator

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (23) ◽  
pp. 3500-3505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Van Acoleyen ◽  
Katarzyna Komorowska ◽  
Wim Bogaerts ◽  
Roel Baets
Keyword(s):  
Phased Arrays ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Optical Phased Arrays

Silicon Micro/Nanophotonic Optical Phased Arrays for Beam Steering

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Kossey ◽  
Neil MacFarlane ◽  
Keith G. Petrillo ◽  
Charbel Rizk ◽  
Amy C. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Phased Arrays ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Optical Phased Arrays

scholarly journals Highly integrated optical phased arrays: photonic integrated circuits for optical beam shaping and beam steering

Nanophotonics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn J.R. Heck
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Phased Arrays ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Video Frame ◽  
Amplitude Control ◽  
Optical Phased Arrays

AbstractTechnologies for efficient generation and fast scanning of narrow free-space laser beams find major applications in three-dimensional (3D) imaging and mapping, like Lidar for remote sensing and navigation, and secure free-space optical communications. The ultimate goal for such a system is to reduce its size, weight, and power consumption, so that it can be mounted on, e.g. drones and autonomous cars. Moreover, beam scanning should ideally be done at video frame rates, something that is beyond the capabilities of current opto-mechanical systems. Photonic integrated circuit (PIC) technology holds the promise of achieving low-cost, compact, robust and energy-efficient complex optical systems. PICs integrate, for example, lasers, modulators, detectors, and filters on a single piece of semiconductor, typically silicon or indium phosphide, much like electronic integrated circuits. This technology is maturing fast, driven by high-bandwidth communications applications, and mature fabrication facilities. State-of-the-art commercial PICs integrate hundreds of elements, and the integration of thousands of elements has been shown in the laboratory. Over the last few years, there has been a considerable research effort to integrate beam steering systems on a PIC, and various beam steering demonstrators based on optical phased arrays have been realized. Arrays of up to thousands of coherent emitters, including their phase and amplitude control, have been integrated, and various applications have been explored. In this review paper, I will present an overview of the state of the art of this technology and its opportunities, illustrated by recent breakthroughs.

scholarly journals 2D Optical Phased Arrays for Laser Beam Steering Based on 3D Polymer Photonic Integrated Circuits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Raptakis ◽  
Lefteris Gounaridis ◽  
Madeleine Weigel ◽  
Moritz Kleinert ◽  
Michalis Georgiopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Phased Arrays ◽  
Photonic Integrated Circuits ◽  
Beam Steering ◽  
Beam Width ◽  
Phase Shifters ◽  
Beam Scanning ◽  
Steering Angle ◽  
Experimental Proof ◽  
Optical Phased Arrays

We propose a novel concept for the implementation of 2-dimensional (2D) optical phased arrays (OPAs) with end-fire waveguides as antenna elements (AEs), and we present its theoretical model and experimental proof. The concept is based on the use of 3-dimensional (3D) photonic integrated circuits (PICs) with multiple waveguiding layers on the PolyBoard platform. In their simplest form, the 3D PICs comprise AEs at different layers, vertical and lateral couplers for the distribution of light among the AEs, and phase shifters for the execution of the 2D beam scanning process. Using the field equivalence principle, we model the radiated field from the single-mode waveguide of the platform at 1550 nm, and we find that the expected beam width is 12.7<sup>o</sup>. We also investigate the perturbation that is induced into propagating fields inside parallel waveguides in proximity, and we conclude that waveguide spacings down to 6 µm can be safely used for development of uniform OPAs in the PolyBoard platform. For OPAs with 6 µm pitch and 4 AEs, we find that the maximum steering angle is 14.0<sup>o</sup> and the expected angular clearance, wherein the main radiation lobe is higher than any grating lobe by at least 3, 6 and 10 dB is 10.8<sup>o</sup>, 7.6<sup>o</sup> and 2.8<sup>o</sup>, respectively. Based on our simulations, we design and fabricate single- and 2-layer PICs with 1×4 and 2×4 OPAs. The lateral pitch of the OPAs ranges from 10 down to 6 µm, while the vertical pitch is 7.2 µm. We experimentally characterize these OPAs and validate the potential of the 2-layer PICs for 2D beam scanning on the azimuthal and elevation plane. The beam profiles and the main scanning parameters such as the maximum steering angle and the relative intensity between the main and the grating lobes are found in excellent agreement with our simulations.

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