Kramers–Kronig analysis of molecular evanescent-wave absorption spectra obtained by multimode step-index optical fibers

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (21) ◽  
pp. 4102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radislav A. Potyrailo ◽  
Vincent P. Ruddy ◽  
Gary M. Hieftje
1998 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Grazia Mignani ◽  
Riccardo Falciai ◽  
Leonardo Ciaccheri

This paper discusses the theoretical and experimental implications of tapering a multimode optical fiber with a view to its use in evanescent wave absorption spectroscopy. Good experimental results are obtained, showing the possibility of quadruplicating the absorbance efficiency. This easy and reproducible technique for taper fabrication is suitable for the implementation of both probes for spectroscopy and chemically assisted fiber-optic sensors.


1997 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Braiman ◽  
Susan E. Plunkett

We have been developing miniature planar Ge waveguides to detect mid-IR evanescent-wave absorption spectra from the cell membranes of individual intact frog eggs, 1.5-mm in diameter, from Xenopus laevis, with the aim of detecting and analyzing transient conformational changes of voltage-gated ion channel proteins in the membrane. Here we use waveguide optical theory to calculate optimal dimensions for a germanium waveguide to be used as a multiple-internal-reflection ATR element for this purpose. We assume that light from a standard broad-band IR source is coupled efficiently into and out of a planar Ge waveguide, and then onto a small-area MCT detector, by using an IR microscope with a high-numerical-aperture objective. To increase the coupling efficiency even further, we assume that we can fabricate the waveguide with a gradual 7-fold-tapering to the tiny dimensions needed in the sensing region. Then, assuming that ∼ 107 ion channel proteins in an occyte can be made to contact an area of a planar Ge waveguide up to ∼ 200 μm in diameter, we calculate that voltage-gated structural changes in these channel proteins should produce absorbance change signals of ∼ 10−6 if the waveguide sensor thickness is set near the optimal thickness of ∼ 1 μm and the sensor region length is limited to 100 μm. If such a sensor can be fabricated, we calculate that detection of the predicted voltage-gated absorbance changes with a commercial FT-IR microscope should be possible after ∼ 20 min of signal averaging.


1994 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Klunder ◽  
J. BÜrck ◽  
H.-J. Ache ◽  
R. J. Silva ◽  
R. E. Russo

A coiled fiber-optic chemical sensor has proven to be effective for the remote detection of volatile organic compounds, such as trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,1-dichloroethylene (DCE), and gasoline, in aqueous solutions. The analyte diffuses into the hydrophobic cladding and evanescent wave absorption spectra are measured in the near-infrared (1600–1850 nm) without the presence of the water absorption bands. In order for fiberoptic chemical sensors to operate effectively in remote environments, the influence of temperature on the sensor response must be known. The C-H bonds of the polysiloxane cladding material also have absorption bands in the near-infrared (NIR). Changes in temperature will change the density (i.e., concentration of C-H bonds) and refractive index of the cladding. Due to these effects, a temperature change of only 3°C from the reference has been shown to significantly alter the background absorbance. The temperature-dependent background absorption is found to be linear with the slope, and the values are proportional to the absorption coefficient of the cladding material. The intercept of the absorbance vs. temperature plot is found to follow the first derivative of the fiber sensor transmission spectrum. Evanescent wave absorption spectra of TCE solutions have been corrected for temperature.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document