Vertical Transmission Rate Is Low When Pregnant Women Get HIV Therapy

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-185
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Hiv Therapy ◽  
Vertical Transmission Rate

scholarly journals Vertical transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at delivery and its clinical impact: an observational, prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumpei Ogura ◽  
Yoshihide Inayama ◽  
Naoko Sasamoto ◽  
Takahiro Hirayama ◽  
Tsutomu Ohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Vertical Transmission Rate ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

Objectives: To accurately assess the vertical transmission rate of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its clinical impacts on pregnant mothers and neonates. Design: A prospective observational cohort study. Setting: Japan. Population: 898 pregnant women and their 905 neonates delivered in gestation week > 32+0 at Toyooka Hospital from August 2016 to December 2017. Methods: MRSA was cultured from the nasal and vaginal samples taken from mothers at enrollment and the nasal and umbilical samples taken from neonates immediately after their birth. We examined the vertical transmission rate of MRSA in mother-neonate pairs. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify maternal/neonatal adverse outcomes associated with maternal MRSA colonization. Main outcome measures: The frequency of maternal/neonatal MRSA colonization and adverse outcomes. Results: The prevalence of maternal MRSA colonization was 6.1% (55/898), and that of neonates was 0.8% (8/905). The prevalence of neonatal MRSA was 12.7% (7/55 mother-neonate pairs) in the MRSA-positive mothers, whereas it was only 0.12% (1/843 pairs) in the MRSA-negative mothers (OR: 121, 95% CI: 14.6-1000). When the maternal vaginal-MRSA was positive, the vertical transmission rate was 44.4% (4/9). Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) developed significantly more frequently in neonates born to the MRSA-positive mothers (OR: 7.47, 95% CI: 2.50-22.3). Conclusions: The prevalence of MRSA in pregnant women was approximately 6%. The vertical transmission rate of vaginal MRSA was as high as 44.4%. Maternal MRSA colonization is associated with increased development of neonatal SSTIs via vertical transmission.

scholarly journals Syphilis in Pregnancy: Profile and Associated Factors in the Northwest Region of São Paulo State

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Cléa Adas Saliba Garbin ◽  
Lia Borges de Mattos Custódio ◽  
Orlando Adas Saliba Júnior ◽  
Artênio José Ísper Garbin ◽  
Suzely Adas Saliba Moimaz
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Vertical Transmission Rate ◽  
Northwest Region

Brazil is undergoing an epidemic of syphilis. In the pregnancy-puerperal cycle, syphilis has a high incidence and is considered a public health problem. This study aimed to perform the temporal and incidence analysis of gestational and congenital syphilis cases in 28 municipalities in the northwest region of the state of São Paulo. This was an observational, epidemiological, ecological study carried out with secondary data collected between 2010 and 2017 in public databases of SINAN and SINASC. The reported cases of gestational/congenital syphilis were described according to sociodemographic variables and chi-square association tests were applied at a significance level of 5%. There were 350 cases of gestational syphilis and 164 cases of congenital syphilis; the average vertical transmission rate was 44.09%; partners had low adherence to treatment; and 86.59% pregnant women attended prenatal care. It can be concluded that vertical transmission rate of syphilis is high, and few partners of pregnant women adhere to the treatment.

scholarly journals Vertical Transmission Rate of HIV from Seropositive Mothers Followed in the Different Care Centers in Kinshasa from 2010 to 2015

OALib ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 05 (08) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Divine Chuga ◽  
Ben Ilunga Bulanda ◽  
Jean Yves Debels Kabasele ◽  
Médard Omakoy Okonda ◽  
Berry Ikolango Bongenya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Vertical Transmission Rate

scholarly journals Vertical Transmission and Discordance of Cytomegalovirus in Twin Pregnancies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Hutton ◽  
Paul J. Rowan
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Dizygotic Twin ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Vertical Transmission Rate ◽  
Congenital Cmv Infection ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Congenital Cmv ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

ObjectiveThe objectives are to estimate the vertical transmission rate in twins relative to singleton pregnancies, to evaluate whether discordance within twin pairs is rare, and to characterize concordance within monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs in relation to hereditability.MethodsWe first sought to estimate the vertical transmission rate of congenital CMV infection in twins by gathering cohort-based studies of congenital CMV in which vertical transmission in both singleton and twin pregnancies was reported. This also allowed us to compare singleton and twin infection rates. From the above studies and other large cohorts of congenitally infected infants, the percentage of discordantly infected twin pairs determined whether this is a rare phenomenon. Theorizing discordance is not rare, we then analyzed data from cases with twin outcomes for congenital CMV infection, according to whether the twins were monozygotic or dizygotic, and calculated their corresponding concordance rates to estimate the broad-sense heritability. Lastly, we described other factors that might affect vertical transmission.ResultsFrom five articles following at-risk pregnancies, the rate of vertical transmission in twin pregnancies is 58.7% (95% CI 43.3-72.3%) whereas in singleton pregnancies it is 31.4% (95% CI: 29.0-34.0%) p = 0.0002. Of ten studies of larger cohorts of infants with congenital CMV infection, 21 of 42 twin pairs with at least one twin infected were discordant for congenital CMV (50.0%, 95% CI: 34.4–65.6%) indicating discordance of congenital CMV infection in twin pairs is not rare. Of 28 studies covering 37 twin pairs where at least one twin had congenital CMV, and zygosity was known, eleven of thirteen monozygotic twin pairs (84.6%; 95% CI: 53.7-97.3%) were concordant for CMV infection, and nine of twenty-four dizygotic twin pairs (37.5%; 95% CI: 19.6-59.2%) were concordant for infection giving an estimated hereditability of 94.2%. Within these 37 twin pairs, factors such as primary or recurrent maternal infection, prematurity, growth discordance, and sex are described; however, in many of these cases these factors are unknown.ConclusionThe rate of vertical transmission of congenital CMV is higher for twins than singletons. Discordance of congenital CMV in twins is not rare and suggests a possible genetic susceptibility to congenital CMV.

Incidence and vertical transmission rate of Neospora caninum in sheep

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo César G.A. Filho ◽  
Júnior M.B. Oliveira ◽  
Muller R. Andrade ◽  
José G. Silva ◽  
Pomy C.P. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Vertical Transmission Rate

scholarly journals HIV-Associated Tuberculosis in the Newborn and Young Infant

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Adhikari ◽  
P. Jeena ◽  
R. Bobat ◽  
M. Archary ◽  
K. Naidoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Young Infant ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Vertical Transmission Rate ◽  
Sub Saharan

Each year, approximately 250 000 women die during pregnancy, delivery, or postpartum. Maternal mortality rates due to tuberculosis (TB) and HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa now supersede obstetric-related causes of mortality. The majority of cases occur in population-dense regions of Africa and Asia where TB is endemic. The vertical transmission rate of tuberculosis is 15%, the overall vertical transmission rate of HIV in resource-limited settings with mono- or dual-ARV therapy varies from 1.9% to 10.7%. If the millennium development goals are to be achieved, both HIV and TB must be prevented. The essential aspect of TB prevention and detection in the newborn is the maternal history and a positive HIV status in the mother. Perinatal outcomes are guarded even with treatment of both diseases. Exclusive breast feeding is recommended. The community and social impact are crippling. The social issues aggravate the prognosis of these two diseases.

Anti-Neospora caninum antibody detection and vertical transmission rate in pregnant zebu beef cows (Bos indicus): Neospora caninum in pregnant beef cows (Bos indicus)

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eudes Esteves do Nascimento ◽  
Ana Sue Sammi ◽  
Joeleni Rosa Dos Santos ◽  
Beatriz de Souza Lima Nino ◽  
Alexey Leon Gomel Bogado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Vertical Transmission Rate ◽  
Caninum Antibody
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