Interannual variability of Mascarene high and Australian high and their influences on summer rainfall over East Asia

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng XUE
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Mascarene High

scholarly journals How much of the interannual variability of East Asian summer rainfall is forced by SST?

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 555-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao He ◽  
Bo Wu ◽  
Chunhui Li ◽  
Ailan Lin ◽  
Dejun Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variability ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
East Asian Summer Rainfall ◽  
Asian Summer

scholarly journals Impacts of Late-Spring North Eurasian Soil Moisture Variation on Summer Rainfall Anomalies in Northern East Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinghan Sang ◽  
Hong-Li Ren ◽  
Yi Deng ◽  
Xiaofeng Xu ◽  
Xueli Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Boreal Summer ◽  
Pressure Center ◽  
North Eurasia ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper reports findings from a diagnostic and modeling analysis that investigates the impact of the late-spring soil moisture anomaly over North Eurasia on the boreal summer rainfall over northern East Asia (NEA). Soil moisture in May in the region from the Kara-Laptev Sea coasts to Central Siberian Plateau is found to be negatively correlated with the summer rainfall from Mongolia to Northeast China. The atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with the anomalously dry soil are characterized by a pressure dipole with the high-pressure center located over North Eurasia and the low-pressure center over NEA, where an anomalous lower-level moisture convergence occurs, favoring rainfall formation. Diagnoses and Modeling experiments demonstrate that the effect of the spring low soil moisture over North Eurasia may persist into the following summer through modulating local surface latent and sensible heat fluxes, increasing low-level air temperature at higher latitudes, and effectively reducing the meridional temperature gradient. The weakened temperature gradient could induce the decreased zonal wind and the generation of a low-pressure center over NEA, associated with a favorable condition of local synoptic activity. The above relationships and mechanisms are vice versa for the prior wetter soil and decreased NEA rainfall. These findings suggest that soil moisture anomalies over North Eurasia may act as a new precursor providing an additional predictability source for better predicting the summer rainfall in NEA.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Interannual Variability in Summer Precipitation over East Asia*

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 5435-5453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Kosaka ◽  
Shang-Ping Xie ◽  
Hisashi Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Wave Train ◽  
Polar Front ◽  
Boreal Summer ◽  
Boreal Winter ◽  
Temperature Advection ◽  
Svd Analysis ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies

Abstract The summertime mei-yu–baiu rainband over East Asia displays considerable interannual variability. A singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis for interannual variability reveals that precipitation anomalies over the mei-yu–baiu region are accompanied by in situ anomalies of midtropospheric horizontal temperature advection. Anomalous warm (cool) advection causes increased (decreased) mei-yu–baiu precipitation locally by inducing adiabatic ascent (descent). The anomalous precipitation acts to reinforce the vertical motion, forming a feedback system. By this mechanism, the remotely forced anomalous atmospheric circulation can induce changes in mei-yu–baiu precipitation. The quasi-stationary precipitation anomalies induced by this mechanism are partially offset by transient eddies. The SVD analysis also reveals the association of mei-yu–baiu precipitation anomalies with several teleconnection patterns, suggesting remote induction mechanisms. The Pacific–Japan (PJ) teleconnection pattern, which is associated with anomalous convection over the tropical western North Pacific, contributes to mei-yu–baiu precipitation variability throughout the boreal summer. The PJ pattern mediates influences of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation in preceding boreal winter on mei-yu–baiu precipitation. In early summer, the leading covariability pattern between precipitation and temperature advection also features the Silk Road pattern—a wave train along the summertime Asian jet—and another wave train pattern to the north along the polar-front jet that often leads to the development of the surface Okhotsk high.

The Interannual Variability of Summer Upper-Tropospheric Temperature over East Asia

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 6539-6553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixia Zhang ◽  
Tianjun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
El Nino ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Vertical Motion ◽  
Teleconnection Pattern ◽  
Asian Continent ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Sst Anomaly ◽  
Anomalous Cyclone

Abstract By using 55-yr NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data, two dominant interannual variability modes of summer upper-tropospheric (500–200 hPa) temperature over East Asia are identified. The first empirical orthogonal function (EOF1) mode in its positive sign features a monopole cooling anomaly, while the second mode (EOF2) features a meridional dipole mode, with the positive (negative) center located south (north) of 35°N. The EOF1 (EOF2) mode is associated with ENSO developing (decaying) summers. They are the result of dynamical teleconnections remotely induced by ENSO and local moist processes. During the El Niño developing summer, the Indian summer monsoon precipitation decreases and forces the Silk Road teleconnection pattern at 200 hPa, featuring an anomalous cyclone over the East Asian continent. Coupled with the anomalous northerly wind in eastern China at 850 hPa, rainfall over north (south) China is suppressed (enhanced). The anomalous cyclone in the upper troposphere, associated vertical motion, and precipitation contribute to the heat and vorticity balance and maintain the monopole cooling. In the El Niño decaying summer, driven by the combined effects of a local SST anomaly and remote warm SST anomaly forcing from the Indian Ocean, precipitation is reduced over the western Pacific Ocean. Less latent heat is released and forces the Pacific–Japan teleconnection pattern along the East Asian continent, inducing a tripolar rainfall anomaly over East Asia. The tripolar precipitation and vertical motion anomalies and the zonal extended cyclonic anomaly in the upper troposphere provide the heating and momentum flux balance and maintain the temperature anomaly pattern during the ENSO decaying summer.

scholarly journals Asymmetrical response of summer rainfall in East Asia to CO2 forcing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Se-Yong Song ◽  
Sang-Wook Yeh ◽  
Soon-Il An ◽  
Jong-Seong Kug ◽  
Seung-Ki Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation

Abstract Understanding the regional hydrological response to varying CO2 concentration is critical for cost-benefit analysis of mitigation and adaptation polices in the near future. To characterize summer monsoon rainfall change in East Asia due to a change in the CO2 pathway, we used the Community Earth System Model (CESM) with 28 ensemble members in which the CO2 concentration increases at a rate of 1% per year until its quadrupling peak, i.e., 1,468 ppm (ramp-up period), followed by a decrease of 1% per year until the present-day climate conditions, i.e., 367 ppm (ramp-down period). Although the CO2 concentration change is symmetric in time, the rainfall response is not symmetric. The amount of summer rainfall in East Asia is much larger during a ramp-down period than during a ramp-up period when the two periods of the same CO2 concentration are compared. This asymmetrical rainfall response is mainly due to an enhanced El Niño-like warming pattern as well as an increase in the meridional sea surface temperature gradient in the western North Pacific during a ramp-down period. These sea surface temperature patterns enhance the atmospheric teleconnections to East Asia and the local meridional circulations around East Asia, resulting in more rainfall over East Asia during the ramp-down period. This result implies that the removal of CO2 does not guarantee the return of regional rainfall to the previous climate state with the same CO2 concentration.

scholarly journals Combined Effect of ENSO-Like and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation SSTAs on the Interannual Variability of the East Asian Winter Monsoon

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 2697-2716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Hao ◽  
Shengping He
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
East Asian Winter Monsoon ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation ◽  
Winter Monsoon ◽  
Temperature Anomalies ◽  
Asian Winter Monsoon ◽  
Numerical Model Experiments

Using long-term observational data and numerical model experiments, this study found that the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) affects the influence of ENSO-like sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs, which contain the variability of both El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Pacific decadal oscillation) on the interannual change in the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM). In the observations, the out-of-phase relationship between the variations in ENSO and the EAWM was significantly intensified when the AMO and ENSO-like SSTAs were in phase. Warmer-than-normal winters occurred across East Asia when the ENSO-like SSTAs and AMO were positively in phase, with a significantly weakened Siberian high and anomalous anticyclones over the western North Pacific. The opposite patterns occurred under negative in-phase conditions. In contrast, when the ENSO-like and AMO SSTAs were out of phase, the anomalies related to the EAWM tended to exhibit relatively weaker features. Numerical model experiments confirmed these observational results. When the models were perturbed with warm ENSO-like SSTAs and warm AMO SSTAs, the atmosphere showed a weakened Siberian high, strong anticyclonic anomalies over the Philippine Sea, a weakened East Asian trough, and dominant positive temperature anomalies over East Asia, implying a weaker EAWM. Reverse responses to negative in-phase temperature anomalies were observed. However, the atmospheric signals that responded to the out-of-phase conditions were less robust. This phenomenon may be attributed to the superposition of the interannual variability of the EAWM caused by ENSO-like SSTAs upon the influence of AMO on background Eurasian climate and the Walker circulation response to the heating source provided by the AMO, which induced changes in ENSO-like variability through the surface wind anomalies and modulated the anomalous anticyclone/cyclone over the Philippine Sea in warm–cold ENSO-like events.

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