Cross‑Border Labour Flows In Southeast Asia: Patterns and Prospects

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gunasekaran ◽  
Gerard Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Scientax ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Galih Ardin

Tax on digital economy activities has become a widely discussed issue in the world because of the limitation on the permanent establishment concept in anticipating the digital economy's externalities. The failure of OECD countries to reach digital economic taxation agreements also caused these countries to take unilateral measures in securing their respective interests. Indonesia, as a country with considerable digital economy value in the Southeast Asia region, plans to implement the significant economic presence concept to secure its tax revenue that cannot be captured by PE concept in the digital cross-border transaction. However, the implementation of this new nexus could generate new challenges in the Indonesia taxation system. This study seeks to provide alternatives to the Indonesian government regarding the taxable presence and taxation methods on the digital economy, especially digital advertising, by conducting examination and evaluation through current nexuses, the international proposals, and other countries' experience in addressing tax challenges in the digital advertising.


2019 ◽  
pp. 46-70
Author(s):  
S. Gunasekaran ◽  
Gerard Sullivan
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Zhiding Hu ◽  
Victor Konrad

English Abstract: Formerly localized, restricted border interaction between China and Southeast Asia has shifted to extensive cross-border engagement along regulated borders with a hierarchy of crossings and expansive borderlands. This expanded security system reveals rescaled and repositioned border security infrastructure and practice into a point and corridor system with vanguard crossings at Hekou, Mohan and Ruili. Fundamental shifts are concurrent focus on primary crossings and spatially extensive borderlands that encompass diminished attention to lesser crossings, beyond the border implementation of security checkpoints, mobile security, and compromise, to enable effective management of expansive borderlands. These borderlands mediate space and enable spatial reapportionment of security to accommodate greatly enhanced cross-border flows of people, goods, and information, thus shaping extensive spaces of exclusion and integration and focused places of exception.Spanish Abstract: La anteriormente restringida interacción fronteriza China–Sudeste Asiático, cambió a un extenso compromiso de fronteras reguladas con una jerarquía de cruces y zonas transfronterizas expansivas. Este sistema ampliado de seguridad, revela la infraestructura y prácticas transfronterizas reescaladas y reubicadas como puntos y sistemas de corredores con cruces de vanguardia en Hekou, Mohan y Ruili. Los cambios se enfocan en los cruces primarios y extensión de fronteras, disminuyendo la atención a los cruces menores —después de la implementación de puntos de control de seguridad—, la seguridad móvil y el compromiso a una gestión fronteriza eficaz. Estas zonas permiten la redistribución espacial de la seguridad acomodando los intensificados flujos transfronterizos de personas, bienes e información, conformando espacios de exclusión e integración, así como lugares de excepción focalizados. French Abstract: L’interaction frontalière entre la Chine et l’Asie du Sud-Est, autrefois localisée et limitée, s’est transformée en un engagement transfrontalier réglementé avec une hiérarchie de passages et des zones frontalières étendues. Ce système de sécurité élargi révèle une infrastructure et une pratique de sécurité frontalière redimensionnées et repositionnées dans un système de points et de corridors avec des passages d’avant-garde à Hekou, Mohan et Ruili. Les changements fondamentaux se concentrent sur les principaux points de passage, les zones frontalières étendues, la mise en œuvre de points de contrôle de sécurité, la sécurité mobile et le compromis, pour permettre une gestion effi cace des zones frontalières étendues. Ces dernières permettre ent la médiation de l’espace et la réaffectation spatiale de la sécurité afin d’accueillir des fl ux transfrontaliers de personnes, de biens et d’informations considérablement accrus, façonnant ainsi de vastes espaces d’exclusion et d’intégration et des lieux d’exception ciblés.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supaporn Wacharapluesadee ◽  
Chee Wah Tan ◽  
Patarapol Maneeorn ◽  
Prateep Duengkae ◽  
Feng Zhu ◽  
...  

AbstractAmong the many questions unanswered for the COVID-19 pandemic are the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and the potential role of intermediate animal host(s) in the early animal-to-human transmission. The discovery of RaTG13 bat coronavirus in China suggested a high probability of a bat origin. Here we report molecular and serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses (SC2r-CoVs) actively circulating in bats in Southeast Asia. Whole genome sequences were obtained from five independent bats (Rhinolophus acuminatus) in a Thai cave yielding a single isolate (named RacCS203) which is most related to the RmYN02 isolate found in Rhinolophus malayanus in Yunnan, China. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies were also detected in bats of the same colony and in a pangolin at a wildlife checkpoint in Southern Thailand. Antisera raised against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of RmYN02 was able to cross-neutralize SARS-CoV-2 despite the fact that the RBD of RacCS203 or RmYN02 failed to bind ACE2. Although the origin of the virus remains unresolved, our study extended the geographic distribution of genetically diverse SC2r-CoVs from Japan and China to Thailand over a 4800-km range. Cross-border surveillance is urgently needed to find the immediate progenitor virus of SARS-CoV-2.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kais Siala ◽  
Afm Kamal Chowdhury ◽  
Thanh Duc Dang ◽  
Stefano Galelli

AbstractStrategic dam planning and the deployment of decentralized renewable technologies are two elements of the same problem, yet normally addressed in isolation. Here, we show that an integrated view of the power system capacity expansion problem could have transformative effects for Southeast Asia’s hydropower plans. We demonstrate that Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia have tangible opportunities for meeting projected electricity demand and CO2 emission targets with less hydropower than currently planned—options range from halting the construction of all dams in the Lower Mekong to building 82% of the planned ones. The key enabling strategies for these options to succeed are solar PV and regional coordination, expressed in the form of centralized planning and cross-border power trading. The alternative expansion plans would slightly increase the cumulative costs (up to 2.4%), but substantially limit the fragmentation of additional river reaches, thereby offering more sustainable pathways for the Mekong’s ecosystems and riparian people.


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