Mapping the Four Corners: Narrating the Hayden Survey of 1875 by Robert S. McPherson and Susan R. Neel, and: Our Indian Summer in the Far West: An Autumn Tour of Fifteen Thousand Miles in Kansas, Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, and the Indian Territory by Samuel Nugent Townshend and John George Hyde

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-366
Author(s):  
Tom Huber
2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 11647-11655 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Valin ◽  
A. R. Russell ◽  
R. C. Hudman ◽  
R. C. Cohen

Abstract. Inference of NOx emissions (NO+NO2) from satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 column requires knowledge of NOx lifetime, usually provided by chemical transport models (CTMs). However, it is known that species subject to non-linear sources or sinks, such as ozone, are susceptible to biases in coarse-resolution CTMs. Here we compute the resolution-dependent bias in predicted NO2 column, a quantity relevant to the interpretation of space-based observations. We use 1-D and 2-D models to illustrate the mechanisms responsible for these biases over a range of NO2 concentrations and model resolutions. We find that predicted biases are largest at coarsest model resolutions with negative biases predicted over large sources and positive biases predicted over small sources. As an example, we use WRF-CHEM to illustrate the resolution necessary to predict 10 AM and 1 PM NO2 column to 10 and 25% accuracy over three large sources, the Four Corners power plants in NW New Mexico, Los Angeles, and the San Joaquin Valley in California for a week-long simulation in July 2006. We find that resolution in the range of 4–12 km is sufficient to accurately model nonlinear effects in the NO2 loss rate.


1979 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet E. Marsh ◽  
Thomas H. Nash
Keyword(s):  

Geosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 785-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Pecha ◽  
George E. Gehrels ◽  
Karl E. Karlstrom ◽  
William R. Dickinson ◽  
Magdalena S. Donahue ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Thomas W. Cutrer

Though its most famous battles were waged in the East at Antietam, Gettysburg, and throughout Virginia, the Civil War was clearly a conflict that raged across a continent. From cotton-rich Texas and the fields of Kansas through Indian Territory and into the high desert of New Mexico, the trans-Mississippi theater was site of major clashes from the war’s earliest days through the surrenders of Confederate generals Edmund Kirby Smith and Stand Waite in June 1865. In this comprehensive military history of the war west of the Mississippi River, Thomas W. Cutrer shows that the theater’s distance from events in the East does not diminish its importance to the unfolding of the larger struggle. Theater of a Separate War details the battles between North and South in these far-flung regions, assessing the complex political and military strategies on both sides. While providing the definitive history of the rise and fall of the South’s armies in the far West, Cutrer shows, even if the region’s influence on the Confederacy’s cause waned, its role persisted well beyond the fall of Richmond and Lee’s surrender to Grant. In this masterful study, Cutrer offers a fresh perspective on an often overlooked aspect of Civil War history.


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