A History of Modern French Literature: From the Sixteenth Century to the Twentieth Century ed. by Christopher Prendergast

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-267
Author(s):  
James P. Gilroy
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
French Literature ◽  
History Of

Straight from the Heart: The Great Vibrato Debate

2020 ◽  
pp. 227-238
Author(s):  
Walter S. Reiter
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Essential Aspect ◽  
History Of

Vibrato, its uses and misuses, has been a topic debated for centuries, with sources from all periods agreeing that it is an ornament to heighten expression that should not be over-used, which apparently it often was! This lesson traces the history of vibrato from the sixteenth century until today, using numerous quotes referring both to the violin and to other instruments. The continuous vibrato taught today as an essential aspect of sound production developed only in the twentieth century and was criticized at the time by prominent musicians. The lesson asks for what purpose and how much it was used in the Baroque period, by what technical means it was produced, and to what extent, if at all, it altered the pitch of a note. Two exercises seek to reproduce vibrato techniques as described at the start of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and another investigates how playing chinless affects vibrato.

The female contribution to language studies in Portugal

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-166
Author(s):  
Sónia Coelho ◽  
Susana Fontes ◽  
Rolf Kemmler
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Educational Context ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
History Of Linguistics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Women's Role

This chapter analyses the contribution of women to the history of linguistics in Portugal from the sixteenth century until the beginning of the twentieth century. To carry out this investigation archivist, bibliographic, and hemerographic sources have been consulted in order to understand this specific context. It has been used in a variety of sources that are representative of the women’s role in the linguistics field but also in the area of education and in the society in general. These sources range from grammars, dictionaries, and translations to texts on feminine conduct and education, literary and official texts. This essay follows a chronological order with a section for each century. In order to understand the role played by women and the difficulties they faced at that time, each section starts with an educational context, followed by the contributions in the production of materials in the field of linguistics by and for women.

Maritime Archaeological Studies in India

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniruddh S. Gaur ◽  
Kamlesh H. Vora
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Maritime History ◽  
Indian Coast ◽  
Indian Ocean Trade ◽  
History Of ◽  
Detailed Work

India has played a major role in Indian Ocean trade and the development of shipbuilding technology. The study of the maritime history of India commenced in the first decade of the twentieth century and was largely based on literary data. Maritime archaeological investigations have been undertaken at various places along the Indian coast, such as in Dwarka, Pindara, the Gulf of Khambhat, the Maharashtra coast, the Tamil Nadu coast, etc. Despite a long coastline and a rich maritime history, there are no proper coastal records or records of shipwrecks that are preserved, except some literary references, which suggest a large number of shipwrecks dating between the early sixteenth century and the nineteenth century. This article discusses important shipwrecks on which detailed work is in progress.

Notes on The History of Mathematics

1952 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 546
Author(s):  
Vera Sanford
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Social Unrest ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

The social unrest in England that accompanied the shift from agriculture to grazing as the foreign market demanded more wool and paid better for it, was a serious situation in England in the sixteenth century. It is the basis for one of the few problems which the “Scholer” proposed to the Master in Recorde's Ground of Artes (c. 1542). Its presence in this volume makes one realize that problems of sociological and economic significance have been the concern of textbook writers even before the twentieth century.

Brueghel’s Two Monkeys – a Tiny Painting by Bruegel, a Very Short Poem by Szymborska and the Biggest Problems of Mankind

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
Piotr Kołodziej
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Nobel Prize Winner ◽  
Great Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
Pieter Bruegel ◽  
Pieter Bruegel The Elder ◽  
Poetic Response

Abstract There is a great power in works of art. Art provides knowledge about human experience, which is not available in another way. Art gives answers to the most important and eternal questions about humanity, even though these answers are never final. Sometimes it happens that works of some artists encourage or provoke a reaction of other artists. Thanks to this in history of culture - across borders of time and space - there lasts a continuous dialogue, a continuous reflection on the essence of human existence.This text shows a fragment of such a dialogue, in which the interlocutors are a sixteenth-century painter Pieter Bruegel the Elder and a twentieth-century poet and Nobel Prize winner Wislawa Szymborska. Szymborska, proposing a masterful interpretation of a tiny painting by Bruegel, poses dramatic questions about human freedom, formulates a poetic response and forces a recipient to reflect on the most important topics.This text also brings up a question of a word - picture relationship, a problem of translation of visual signs to verbal signs, as well as a problem of translation of poetry from one language to another.

A misleading source: the fortuna of a sixteenth-century engraving and its impact on the history of Roman baths studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-335
Author(s):  
Giacomo Savani
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Wall Painting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Roman Baths ◽  
Uncritical Acceptance ◽  
Roman Wall Painting ◽  
Intellectual Networks ◽  
Cutaway View

AbstractIn this article, I follow the mixed fortunes of a woodcut depicting a cutaway view of a set of ancient baths, so far neglected by modern scholarship. First published in a mid-sixteenth-century treatise on balneology and based on a misinterpretation of Vitruvius (5.10.1), it reappeared as a copy of a Roman wall-painting in several eighteenth-century antiquarian works. The remarkable resonance enjoyed by this image in specialist and popular publications until the early twentieth century makes it one of the most influential and controversial sources in the history of Roman baths studies. In exploring the reasons behind the enduring, uncritical acceptance of this depiction, I raise broader questions concerning the nature and extent of intellectual networks in eighteenth-century Europe.

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