Writing Technology into History

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-240
Author(s):  
Eda Kranakis
Keyword(s):  
Writing Technology

Readies for Bob Brown's Machine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Carlton Brown
Keyword(s):  
Text Messaging ◽  
Gertrude Stein ◽  
Ezra Pound ◽  
William Carlos Williams ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Internet Media ◽  
Facsimile Edition ◽  
Viewing Screen ◽  
Writing Technology

This is the much-anticipated new edition of the important volume of avant-garde writing, Readies for Bob Brown's Machine. The original collection of Readies was published by Brown’s Roving Eye Press in 1931. Despite including works by leading modernist writers including Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound, William Carlos Williams, Kay Boyle, F.T. Marinetti, and 35 other writers and artists, this volume has never been re-issued. Like the ‘talkies’ in cinema, Brown’s machine and the ‘readies’ medium he created for it proposed to revolutionise reading with technology by scrolling texts across a viewing screen. Apart from its importance to modernism, Brown’s research on reading seems remarkably prescient in light of text messaging, e-books, and internet media ecologies. Brown’s designs for a modernist style of reading, which emphasised speed, movement, and immediacy, required a complete re-design of reading and writing technology. Complete with a new Preface by Eric White and a new Introduction and a separate chapter on the contributors by Craig Saper, this critical facsimile edition restores to public attention the extraordinary experiments of writing readies for a reading machine.

The Emergence of an Item-writing Technology

1980 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gale Roid ◽  
Tom Haladyna
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Achievement Tests ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Achievement Testing ◽  
Design Domain ◽  
Item Development ◽  
Item Writing ◽  
Writing Technology ◽  
Facet Design

The emerging technology of item writing for achievement tests is reviewed. Several different approaches to item development are discussed. A continuum of item-writing methods is proposed ranging from informal-subjective methods to algorithmic-objective methods. Examples of techniques include objective-based item writing, amplified objectives, item forms, facet design, domain-referenced concept testing, and computerized techniques. Each item-writing technique is critically reviewed, and empirical studies of methods are described. Recommendations for further research and for applications to achievement testing are presented.

Direct Writing on Paper Substrate to Prepare Silver Electrode Structures for Flexible Sensors

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 6048-6053
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Mingwei Li ◽  
Yao Xie ◽  
Yun Ou ◽  
Weiping Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Silver Electrode ◽  
Silver Nanostructures ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Paper Substrate ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Writing Technology

With the rapid development of the electronics industry, electronic products based on silicon and glass substrates electronic products will gradually be unable to meet the rising demand. Flexibility, environmental protection, and low costs are important for the development of electronic products. In this study, an efficient and low-cost method for preparing silver electrode structures by direct writing on paper has been demonstrated. Based on this method, a flexible paper-based sensor was prepared. The liquid printing ink used mainly comprises a precursor liquid without pre-prepared nanomaterials. The precursor liquid is transparent with good fluidity. Simple direct writing technology was used to write on the paper substrate using the precursor ink. When the direct-writing paper substrate was subsequently heated, silver nanostructures precipitated from the precursor liquid ink onto the paper substrate. The effect of different temperatures on the formation of the silver nanostructures and the influence of different direct writing processes on the structures were studied. Finally, a paper-based flexible sensor was prepared for finger-bending signal detection. The method is simple to operate and low in cost and can be used for the preparation of environment-friendly paper-based devices.

Development of single-layer positive resist process for electron beam direct writing technology

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidenori Yamaguchi ◽  
Toshio Sakamizu ◽  
Fumio Murai ◽  
Hiroshi Shiraishi ◽  
Hajime Hayakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Writing Technology ◽  
Positive Resist

Submicrometer Electron-Beam Direct Writing Technology for 1-Mbit DRAM Fabrication

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Matsuda ◽  
K. Miyoshi ◽  
R. Yamaguchi ◽  
S. Moriya ◽  
T. Hosoya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Writing Technology

Polarization improvement of CsPbClBr2 quantum dot film by laser direct writing technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 777
Author(s):  
Teng Ma ◽  
Yi Wei ◽  
Jinning Hu ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Weili Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Laser Direct Writing ◽  
Writing Technology

Building Awareness of Language Structures with Visual-Syntactic Text Formatting

2013 ◽  
pp. 21-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngmin Park ◽  
Mark Warschauer ◽  
Penelope Collins ◽  
Jin Kyoung Hwang ◽  
Charles Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Language Arts ◽  
State Standards ◽  
Action Research Project ◽  
Language Arts Teachers ◽  
Arts Teachers ◽  
Authentic Writing ◽  
Writing Technology ◽  
Linguistic Structures ◽  
Grammatical Structures

The recently adopted Common Core State Standards emphasize the importance of language forms and structure in learning to write. Yet most language arts teachers have either downplayed the linguistic structure of writing in favor of process approaches or emphasized the teaching of grammatical structures outside of the context of authentic writing. Technology-supported writing activities tend to mimic these two approaches, with teachers using technology for either process-based writing or for grammar drills. Most teachers are not well prepared to teach linguistic structures in context or to deploy technology for that purpose. This chapter introduces a new tool called Visual-Syntactic Text Formatting (VSTF) that has powerful affordances for teaching linguistic and textual structures in the context of authentic written genres. Drawing on an empirical study and an action research project conducted by the authors, they share evidence for the value of using VSTF and point to ways that it can be used in the classroom to help students master language structures and employ them in their composition.

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