Francis Alive and Aloft: Franciscan Apocalypticism in the Colonial Andes

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-163
Author(s):  
Jaime Lara
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Mount St Helens

The seventeenth century opened with a bang, literally. In the year 1600, on the first Friday in the season of Lent, sometime between noon and 3:00 PM (that is, at the hour of the accustomed Lenten penitential processions), the Peruvian volcano of Huaynapudna began a protracted series of explosions and eruptions. It was the largest recorded volcanic eruption in the Western Hemisphere, greater by far than that of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE, or Mount St. Helens in 1980, and only slightly smaller than the colossal eruption of Krakatoa, Indonesia, in 1883. The event sent both Christian Spaniards and neo-Christian Indians searching for answers to apocalyptic questions. On that same Friday, February 18, 1600, several other violent earthquakes leveled buildings nearby.

Francis Alive and Aloft: Franciscan Apocalypticism in the Colonial Andes

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (02) ◽  
pp. 139-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Lara
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Mount St Helens

The seventeenth century opened with a bang, literally. In the year 1600, on the first Friday in the season of Lent, sometime between noon and 3:00 PM (that is, at the hour of the accustomed Lenten penitential processions), the Peruvian volcano of Huaynapudna began a protracted series of explosions and eruptions. It was the largest recorded volcanic eruption in the Western Hemisphere, greater by far than that of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE, or Mount St. Helens in 1980, and only slightly smaller than the colossal eruption of Krakatoa, Indonesia, in 1883. The event sent both Christian Spaniards and neo-Christian Indians searching for answers to apocalyptic questions. On that same Friday, February 18, 1600, several other violent earthquakes leveled buildings nearby.

The Nature of the South

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Lyman Bushman
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Plantation Agriculture ◽  
Southern Colonies

Plantation agriculture in the western hemisphere extended from Brazil northward through the Caribbean to the northern boundary of Maryland. This geography created a line in North America noted by seventeenth-century imperial economists. The southern colonies produced crops needed in the home land making the South far more valuable to the empire than the North. Plantation agriculture stopped at the Maryland-Pennsylvania border because the climate made slavery impractical north of that line. Only farmers who produced valuable exports could afford the price of slaves. Tobacco, though it could be grown in the North, was not commercially feasible there. The growing season had to be long enough to get a crop in the ground while also planting corn for subsistence, allow the tobacco to mature, and harvest it before the first frost. Tobacco was practical within the zone of the 180-day growing season whose isotherm outlines the areas where slavery flourished. Within this zone, the ground could be worked all but a month or two in winter, giving slaves plenty to do. Cattle could also forage for themselves, reducing the need for hay. Southern farmers could devote themselves to provisions and market crops, increasing their wealth substantially compared to the North where haying occupied much of the summer. Differing agro-systems developed along a temperature gradient running from North to South with contrasting crops and labor systems attached to each.

Characterization of organic contaminants in environmental samples associated with Mount St. Helens 1980 volcanic eruption

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 387-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred E. Pereira ◽  
Colleen E. Rostad ◽  
Howard E. Taylor ◽  
John M. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Mount St Helens

On Moon Volcanism

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Bonev
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Orbital Velocity ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Eastern Hemisphere ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Origin Of The Moon ◽  
Remote Past ◽  
Slight Advantage

The Moon craters grew out of Moon volcanism in the remote past. N. A. Kozyrev observed a volcanic eruption at the beginning of November 1958. In the remote past this activity was probably much more intense. The distribution of the craters over the eastern and the western halves of the Moon disk does not support the meteoritic hypothesis of the origin of the Moon craters. We ascertained this in 1955 and 1956 by means of some theorems from the field of continued probabilities bearing on the hemisphere and on the polygon†. The eastern hemisphere of the Moon is continually undergoing a meteoritic bombardment to an even greater degree than the western one, yet no adequate effect is to be observed. It is true that nowadays the orbital velocity of the Moon about the Earth is slow in respect to the annual motion of the Earth about the Sun. However, according to the theory of probability, the slight advantage of the eastern over the western hemisphere would certainly have become apparent after a sufficiently large number (say several hundreds of millions) of years.

Spider Arrival and Primary Establishment on Terrain Depopulated by Volcanic Eruption at Mount St. Helens, Washington

1995 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney L. Crawford ◽  
Patrick M. Sugg ◽  
John S. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Mount St Helens

scholarly journals The olive-branch dating of the Santorini eruption

Antiquity ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (339) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Cherubini ◽  
Turi Humbel ◽  
Hans Beeckman ◽  
Holger Gärtner ◽  
David Mannes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Volcanic Eruption ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Recent Contribution ◽  
Ash Fall ◽  
Tree Branch ◽  
Extensive Damage

The date of the volcanic eruption of Santorini that caused extensive damage toMinoan Crete has been controversial since the 1980s. Some have placed the event in the late seventeenth century BC. Others have made the case for a younger date of around 1500 BC. A recent contribution to that controversy has been the dating of an olive tree branch preserved within the volcanic ash fall on Santorini. In this debate feature Paolo Cherubini and colleagues argue that the olive tree dating (which supports the older chronology) is unreliable on a number of grounds. There follows a response from the authors of that dating, and comments from other specialists, with a closing reply from Cherubini and his team.

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