After the lapse of the Licensing Act in 1695, the amount of literary periodicals and propaganda created to influence elections notably increased for both pro- and anti-government sentiment. Richard Steele, John Tutchin, Delarivier Manley, and Daniel Defore, all were charged at different times for seditious libel for their political writings. Because of a proliferation of pirated editions, the desire of authors to control their works through copyright resulted in the Act for the Encouragement of Learning in 1709, while the 1712 Stamp Act targeted newspapers and pamphlet publications in an indirect form of censorship. The trial of Henry Sacheverell for preaching and publishing against the Toleration Act created intense interest and prompted further publications.