scholarly journals Rapid Assessment of Nonindigenous Marine Species on Coral Reefs in the Main Hawaiian Islands

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. (Stephen Lee) Coles ◽  
F. L. M. Kandel ◽  
P. A. Reath ◽  
K Longenecker ◽  
Lucius G. Eldredge
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
Marine Species

The Evolutionary Diversity and Ecological Complexity of Coral Reefs

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Knowlton ◽  
Jeremy Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Ecological Complexity ◽  
The Face ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Trophic Linkages ◽  
Bounce Back

Coral reefs are the most biodiverse marine ecosystems on the planet, with at least one quarter of all marine species associated with reefs today. This diversity, which remains very poorly understood, is nevertheless extraordinary when one considers the small proportion of ocean area that is occupied by coral reefs. Networks of competitive and trophic linkages are also exceptionally complex and dense. Reefs have a long fossil record, although extensive reef building comes and goes. In the present, coral reefs sometimes respond dramatically to disturbances, and collapses are not always followed by recoveries. Today, much of this failure to recover appears to stem from the fact that most reefs are chronically stressed by human activities, judging by observations of recovery at exceptional locations where local human activity is minimal. How long reefs can continue to bounce back in the face of warming and acidification remains an open question. Another big uncertainty is how much loss of biodiversity will occur with the inevitable degradation of coral reefs that will continue in most places for the foreseeable future.

scholarly journals Impacts of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering strategy on Caribbean coral reefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihua Zhang ◽  
Andy Jones ◽  
M. James C. Crabbe
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hurricane Damage ◽  
Carbon Emissions Reduction ◽  
Caribbean Coral Reefs ◽  
First Time

Purpose Currently, negotiation on global carbon emissions reduction is very difficult owing to lack of international willingness. In response, geoengineering (climate engineering) strategies are proposed to artificially cool the planet. Meanwhile, as the harbor around one-third of all described marine species, coral reefs are the most sensitive ecosystem on the planet to climate change. However, until now, there is no quantitative assessment on the impacts of geoengineering on coral reefs. This study aims to model the impacts of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering on coral reefs. Design/methodology/approach The HadGEM2-ES climate model is used to model and evaluate the impacts of stratospheric aerosol geoengineering on coral reefs. Findings This study shows that (1) stratospheric aerosol geoengineering could significantly mitigate future coral bleaching throughout the Caribbean Sea; (2) Changes in downward solar irradiation, sea level rise and sea surface temperature caused by geoengineering implementation should have very little impacts on coral reefs; (3) Although geoengineering would prolong the return period of future hurricanes, this may still be too short to ensure coral recruitment and survival after hurricane damage. Originality/value This is the first time internationally to quantitatively assess the impacts of geoengineering on coral reefs.

Spatial variation of the underwater soundscape over coral reefs in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 2276-2276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon E. Freeman ◽  
Lauren A. Freeman ◽  
Marc O. Lammers ◽  
Michael J. Buckingham
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

6. Reef fish and other major predators

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Reef Communities

Healthy reefs provide a habitat for an immense number of fish that come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colours. No other natural habitat in the ocean shows this diversity and abundance. About a quarter of all marine species may be found on coral reefs even though this habitat occupies only one or two per cent of the area of the earth. ‘Reef fish and other major predators’ describes the diverse feeding ecology of reef fishes; coral reef predators such as the colourful crown of thorns starfish, Acanthaster plancii; symbiotic relationships between different species of fish or with different invertebrates; and the dangers of overfishing in reef communities.

Virgin Islands. A Rapid Assessment of Coral Reefs in the Virgin Islands (Part 2: Fishes)

2003 ◽  
Vol 496 (31) ◽  
pp. 566-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Nemeth ◽  
Leslie D. Whaylen ◽  
Christy V. Pattengill-Semmens
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Virgin Islands

scholarly journals Integrating Oceanographic Data and Benthic Community Structure Temporal Series to Assess the Dynamics of a Marginal Reef

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Biscaia Zamoner ◽  
Anaide Wrublevski Aued ◽  
Luis Carlos Pinto Macedo-Soares ◽  
Vitor André Passos Picolotto ◽  
Carlos Alberto Eiras Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Benthic Communities ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Brazilian Province

Reefs are the richest marine ecosystems. Their benthic communities generate structural complexity and participate in nutrient cycles, providing habitat and food for many marine species. These ecosystems have been threatened by local and global anthropogenic impacts and changes in community structure have led to loss of biodiversity, ecosystem function and services worldwide. Most studies about these structural changes have been conducted in Caribbean and Indo-Pacific coral reefs. In the Southwestern Atlantic, where reefs are naturally algae-dominated, these efforts are incipient, especially at oceanic islands where local anthropic impacts tend to be lower, and natural and climate-induced fluctuations might be easily detected. We conducted the first temporal assessment of benthic communities and the influence of oceanographic parameters between 2013 and 2019 in Fernando de Noronha (FNA), the largest Brazilian oceanic archipelago. We annually sampled benthic communities in FNA’s shallow reefs (2–21 m) using photoquadrats, quantified and gathered organisms in major groups according to their functional roles. We also characterized and tested “sea surface temperature,” “marine heatwaves,” “diffuse attenuation coefficient,” and “wave energy” influence for the same period. The most abundant groups were epilithic algal matrix (EAM; mean annual coverage: 23–60%), macroalgae (15–35%) and calcifiers (15–29%), followed by cyanobacteria (1–37%), suspension/filter-feeders (<2%), zoanthids (<1%) and other invertebrates (<0.1%). EAM was negatively correlated with “marine heatwaves” and positively correlated with “wave energy,” while macroalgae and calcifiers showed opposite responses to “marine heatwaves” and “wave energy,” respectively. Cyanobacteria was positively correlated with “marine heatwaves.” The dominance of EAM and macroalgae was already described for reefs along the Brazilian Province and we demonstrated the persistence of this structure over the years in FNA, with the exception of 2019 when there was a substantial increase of cyanobacteria after a strong marine heatwave. Our results suggest a flickering dynamic between EAM and macroalgae, which vary according to the oceanographic conditions, reinforcing its distinct dynamics from most tropical coral reefs. However, the increase of cyanobacteria added to projections of more frequent and stronger marine heatwaves worldwide indicate possible structural changes in this community. Continued monitoring of community and oceanographic drivers is key for better understanding and predicting changes in important marginal reefs.

The Hawaiian Mission

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-102
Author(s):  
David O. McKay
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Local Church ◽  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Church Membership ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Latter Day Saints

McKay’s steamship docked at Honolulu, Hawaii, on February 4, 1921. The tropical beauty of the islands impressed McKay as he ventured throughout the islands. Mormon missionaries had enjoyed proselyting success in the Hawaiian Islands since their arrival in the 1850s. McKay spoke at well-attended conferences across the islands, visited church-owned plantations and schools, and were immersed in the local culture. McKay noted the multicultural composition of the local church membership, enjoyed homemade luaus prepared by local Latter-day Saints, offered guidance to young missionaries, and marveled at geographic landmarks, including volcanoes, coral reefs, and waterfalls. On February 26, 1921, McKay and Cannon boarded a steamer bound for San Francisco, California, where they planned to transfer steamers and travel to French Polynesia.

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