scholarly journals A New Eastern Limit of the Pacific Flying Fox, Pteropus tonganus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae), in Prehistoric Polynesia: A Case of Possible Human Transport and Extirpation

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall I. Weisler ◽  
Robert Bollt ◽  
Amy Findlater
Keyword(s):  
The Pacific ◽  
Pteropus Tonganus ◽  
Human Transport ◽  
Flying Fox

Effects of Cyclone Waka on flying foxes (Pteropus tonganus) in the Vava'u Islands of Tonga

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim R. McConkey ◽  
Donald R. Drake ◽  
Janet Franklin ◽  
Filipe Tonga
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Flying Foxes ◽  
Pteropus Tonganus ◽  
Potential Food ◽  
Flying Fox

Severe tropical cyclones are a major cause of episodic mortality for Pacific Island flying foxes (large fruit bats). Many flying foxes starve after forests are stripped of food sources, and hunting by humans may also increase in the post-cyclone period. In December 2001, Cyclone Waka passed directly over the Vava'u Islands in the Kingdom of Tonga, western Polynesia. We visited the islands 6 mo later to survey the flying fox (Pteropus tonganus) population and assess availability of potential food items (fruit and flower) in primary, secondary and plantation forests. Less than 20% of the pre-cyclone bat population (surveyed in 1999–2001) remained 6 mo after the storm. The density of potential food trees in flower or fruit at this time was only 15% of pre-cyclone density, and the main species available were different in the two time periods. The highest density of potential food trees occurred in secondary forest (26 flowering or fruiting trees ha−1) and plantations (23 ha−1); primary forest offered the least food (18 ha−1). Since 65–70% of the land area has been converted to agricultural plantations, this vegetation type had the highest absolute number of food-bearing trees – almost seven times that of primary forest. Flowering coconuts (Cocos nucifera) were the most abundant food source overall and we suggest that this species may be important in sustaining flying foxes following severe storms.

scholarly journals Buying through your teeth: traditional currency and conservation of flying foxes Pteropus spp. in Solomon Islands

Oryx ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyrone H. Lavery ◽  
John Fasi
Keyword(s):  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Flying Foxes ◽  
Subsistence Hunting ◽  
Hunting Pressure ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Ecological Functioning ◽  
Flying Fox

AbstractGlobally, island bats are vulnerable to subsistence hunting, with widespread population declines, local extirpations and extinctions. Bats are important to the ecological functioning of remote oceanic islands, and thus the sustainable management of hunting of flying foxes Pteropus spp. is a conservation priority in the Pacific. In Solomon Islands people hunt flying foxes for bushmeat and their canine teeth, which are used as traditional currency. The value of teeth potentially increases hunting pressure on species of Pteropus. We interviewed 197 people on Makira Island to determine the nature of this use and how it may influence flying-fox populations. We asked questions to gather information about hunting practices, the value of canine teeth, utilization of traditional currency, and population trends of Pteropus. Flying-fox teeth remain highly valued on Makira. It is primarily the teeth of P. tonganus that are used rather than those of the smaller P. cognatus. Although flying foxes are not targeted solely for their teeth, this added value seemingly drives hunters to focus on P. tonganus. Hunting varied across five regions of Makira and high hunting pressure corresponded with perceived rarity of P. tonganus. Regions with low hunting pressure may be opportune locations to initiate flying-fox conservation on Makira.

Electrophoretic studies of the systematic and biogeographic relationships of the Fijian bat genera Pteropus, Pteralopex, Chaerephon and Notopteris.

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ingleby ◽  
D Colgan
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
The One ◽  
Pteropus Samoensis ◽  
Pteropus Tonganus ◽  
Flying Fox

Allozyme variation at 24 - 29 presumptive loci was used to examine the systematic relationships between Fijian bats and those from neighbouring areas such as Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, New Guinea and Australia. Genetic data indicate that the Fijian bat fauna contains highly divergent taxa as well as some populations that are virtually indistinguishable electrophoretically from conspecifics in neighbouring islands groups, particularly species shared with Vanuatu. The endemic Fijian monkey-faced bat Pteralopex acrodonta, had a level of distinctiveness from two of its congeners in the Solomon Islands comparable to that between different genera. There was also considerable electrophoretic variation within what is generally considered a single species, the northern freetail-bat Chaerephon jobensis. The Australian form, C. j. colonicus, shows levels of divergence from the Fiji/Vanuatu subspecies, C. j. bregullae, consistent with that of a distinct species. C. j. solomonis from the Solomon Islands appears to represent a third species within this group. Moderate levels of divergence were found within the one subspecies of long-tailed flying-fox Notopteris macdonaldii sampled from Fiji and Vanuatu. In contrast to Pteralopex and Chaerephon, close affinities were found between and within several other southwest Pacific bat species, in particular, the two different subspecies of insular flying-fox Pteropus tonganus from Fiji, Vanuatu and the Solomon Islands. Low levels of genetic divergence were also found between P. tonganus and the morphologially similar spectacled flying-fox P. conspicillatus from Australia and New Guinea. The Samoan flying-fox Pteropus samoensis appeared to be most closely allied to the Temotu flying-fox Pteropus nitendiensis, from the Solomon Islands.

Rhagoletis pomonella (apple maggot).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Export Restrictions ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Temperate Europe ◽  
Apple Production ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Human Transport

Abstract R. pomonella is an important pest in apple production and its invasion of a new apple production area would have large economic and environmental impacts, both due to control efforts and likely export restrictions. R. pomonella is an important threat to apple production areas in temperate Europe, East Asia, and New Zealand that all lack apple-infesting tephritid pests. The only known invasion is the colonization of the West Coast of the USA with a recent spillover into parts of British Columbia. The means by which R. pomonella first arrived in the Pacific Northwest are speculative, but could range from natural spread via yet-undiscovered native populations to unintended human transport via larvae in infested fruit or pupae in soil. Its restricted host-use make the apple maggot an easier target for monitoring than extremely polyphagous species such as medfly [Ceratitis capitata], but its natural host, hawthorn [Crataegus monogyna] is widespread in all temperate environments both as a native and ornamental species and could provide a difficult-to-monitor reservoir.

Cycloviruses, gemycircularviruses and other novel replication-associated protein encoding circular viruses in Pacific flying fox (Pteropus tonganus) faeces

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 279-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maketalena F. Male ◽  
Simona Kraberger ◽  
Daisy Stainton ◽  
Viliami Kami ◽  
Arvind Varsani
Keyword(s):  
Protein Encoding ◽  
Pteropus Tonganus ◽  
Flying Fox

The Philological Association of The Pacific Coast

PMLA ◽  
1935 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1373-1374
Keyword(s):  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Stanford University ◽  
The Pacific

The thirty-seventh annual meeting of the Philological Association of the Pacific Coast was held at Stanford University, California, on November 29 and 30, 1935.

A scanning electron microscopic study of the veliger larvae of the scallop argopecten purpuratus

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
G.C. Bellolio ◽  
K.S. Lohrmann ◽  
E.M. Dupré
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Description ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Argopecten Purpuratus ◽  
Veliger Larvae ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Ethanol Series ◽  
Scanning Electron

Argopecten purpuratus is a scallop distributed in the Pacific coast of Chile and Peru. Although this species is mass cultured in both countries there is no morphological description available of the development of this bivalve except for few characterizations of some larval stages described for culture purposes. In this work veliger larvae (app. 140 pm length) were examined by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) in order to study some aspects of the organogenesis of this species.Veliger larvae were obtained from hatchery cultures, relaxed with a solution of MgCl2 and killed by slow addition of 21 glutaraldehyde (GA) in seawater (SW). They were fixed in 2% GA in calcium free artificial SW (pH 8.3), rinsed 3 times in calcium free SW, and dehydrated in a graded ethanol series. The larvae were critical point dried and mounted on double scotch tape (DST). To permit internal view, some valves were removed by slightly pressing and lifting the tip of a cactus spine wrapped with DST, The samples were coated with 20 nm gold and examined with a JEOL JSM T-300 operated at 15 KV.

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