Fat Stigma and Public Health: A Theoretical Framework and Ethical Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiree Abu-Odeh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Ethical Analysis ◽  
Fat Stigma

Fat, Stigma, and Public Health Policy

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie A. Crimin ◽  
Carol T. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Fat Stigma

Dilemmas of nudging in public health: an ethical analysis of a Danish pamphlet

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Busch ◽  
Emilie Kirstine Madsen ◽  
Antoinette Mary Fage-Butler ◽  
Marianne Kjær ◽  
Loni Ledderer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Ethical Analysis ◽  
Choice Making ◽  
The Face ◽  
Information Materials ◽  
The Individual ◽  
To Receive

Summary Nudging has been discussed in the context of public health, and ethical issues raised by nudging in public health contexts have been highlighted. In this article, we first identify types of nudging approaches and techniques that have been used in screening programmes, and ethical issues that have been associated with nudging: paternalism, limited autonomy and manipulation. We then identify nudging techniques used in a pamphlet developed for the Danish National Screening Program for Colorectal Cancer. These include framing, default nudge, use of hassle bias, authority nudge and priming. The pamphlet and the very offering of a screening programme can in themselves be considered nudges. Whether nudging strategies are ethically problematic depend on whether they are categorized as educative- or non-educative nudges. Educative nudges seek to affect people’s choice making by engaging their reflective capabilities. Non-educative nudges work by circumventing people’s reflective capabilities. Information materials are, on the face of it, meant to engage citizens’ reflective capacities. Recipients are likely to receive information materials with this expectation, and thus not expect to be affected in other ways. Non-educative nudges may therefore be particularly problematic in the context of information on screening, also as participating in screening does not always benefit the individual.

scholarly journals Ethics of Vaccination in Childhood—A Framework Based on the Four Principles of Biomedical Ethics

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Meta Rus ◽  
Urh Groselj
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Ethical Analysis ◽  
Biomedical Ethics ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Ethical Aspects ◽  
Respect For Autonomy ◽  
Mandatory Vaccination

Although vaccination is recognised as the top public health achievement of the twentieth century, unequivocal consensus about its beneficence does not exist among the general population. In countries with well-established immunisation programmes, vaccines are “victims of their own success”, because low incidences of diseases now prevented with vaccines diminished the experience of their historical burdens. Increasing number of vaccine-hesitant people in recent years threatens, or even effectively disables, herd immunity levels of the population and results in outbreaks of previously already controlled diseases. We aimed to apply a framework for ethical analysis of vaccination in childhood based on the four principles of biomedical ethics (respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence and justice) to provide a comprehensive and applicable model on how to address the ethical aspects of vaccination at both individual and societal levels. We suggest finding an “ethical equilibrium”, which means that the degree of respect for parents’ autonomy is not constant, but variable; it shall depend on the level of established herd immunity and it is specific for every society. When the moral obligation of individuals to contribute to herd immunity is not fulfilled, mandatory vaccination policies are ethically justified, because states bear responsibility to protect herd immunity as a common good.

scholarly journals The Local Explanatory Model: A Study of Assumed Causes of Tuberculosis in Rural Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 37-62
Author(s):  
Ulla-Britt Engelbrektsson ◽  
Madhusudan Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Explanatory Model ◽  
Great Uncertainty ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Rural Nepal ◽  
Timely Treatment

Tuberculosis (TB) constitutes one of the major public health problems in Nepal. Our theoretical framework, in this paper, is to explore people's understanding of the culturally constructed reality, the local explanatory model, for causes of Tuberculosis. The ethnographic data were collected from 'Solubang' village of Pyuthan district in 2005 and 2012/13. The finding shows that assumed and suggested cause(s) of TB are multiple but most often within a framework of great uncertainty. Compared to 2005, people were better aware of the need for timely treatment in 2012/13. The arrival of the biomedical anti-TB medicines has changed the situation for the better and is widely recognized but perception on causes of TB and its prevalence have not changed drastically, and mortality rates have not decreased at the speed hoped for.

CERC as a Theoretical Framework for Research and Practice

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 26S-34S ◽  
Author(s):  
Shari Veil ◽  
Barbara Reynolds ◽  
Timothy L. Sellnow ◽  
Matthew W. Seeger
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Health communicators at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have developed an integrated model titled Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication (CERC) as a tool to educate and equip public health professionals for the expanding communication responsibilities of public health in emergency situations. This essay focuses on CERC as a general theoretical framework for explaining how health communication functions within the contexts of risk and crisis. Specifically, the authors provide an overview of CERC and examine the relationship of risk communication to crisis communication, the role of communication in emergency response, and the theoretical underpinnings of CERC. The article offers an initial set of propositions based on the CERC framework and concludes with a discussion of future directions.

scholarly journals A Descriptive Survey of the Educational Preparation and Practices of Antenatal Educators in Ireland

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy O’Sullivan ◽  
Rhona O’Connell ◽  
Declan Devane
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Large Class ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Educational Practices ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Educational Preparation ◽  
Antenatal Education ◽  
Large Class Size ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Antenatal Classes

Antenatal education is recommended to prospective parents, yet little is known about the educational preparation of the facilitators of this education, or of the educational practices they use. The aim of this study was to investigate the educational preparation and practices of antenatal educators in Ireland. Data were collected using a questionnaire structured on the three components (abilities, opportunities, and means) of Stamler’s theoretical framework of enablement. Eighty-four of the 120 antenatal educators responded (70%), and this included midwives, public health nurses, physiotherapists, and private antenatal educators. Findings describe a picture of varied educational preparation for the antenatal educator with a range of educational practices being used. Within public antenatal classes, large class size was a barrier to providing a participatory educational approach.

scholarly journals El cuerpo y su ausencia: escenario y contenido de la comunicación

2018 ◽  
pp. 261-287
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Organizational Development ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Ethical Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Theoretical Proposal

Resumen: ¿Nos comunicamos de la misma manera estando físicamente presentes que mediados por la tecnología? ¿Cómo nos relacionamos con imágenes sobre nosotros y cómo nos afecta su publicación? El cuerpo como escenario y como contenido de la comunicación. Esta investigación aborda estas dos preguntas desde tres vías: Primero, la elaboración de un contexto teórico que sitúa y enfoca desde el análisis filosófico, sociológico y ético el cuerpo como realidad poliédrica, el agenciamiento cuerpo-tecnología y una manera alternativa de entender la virtualidad. Segundo: las respuestas de los jóvenes, de edades comprendidas entre 17-24 años, a esas dos preguntas formuladas de un modo abierto y sin ningún tipo de consigna previa. Tercero: el modelo axiológico Hall-Tonna, que es tanto una propuesta teórica basada en las visiones del mundo que se albergan en 125 valores que recogen una visión holística sobre el desarrollo humano y organizativo, como una propuesta interpretativa que permite el análisis de las respuestas de los participantes. El trabajo avanza los resultados obtenidos. Palabras clave:Presencia física; imagen; tecnología; análisis de contenido. The body and its absence: setting/scenario and content of communication Abstract: Do we communicate in the same way when we are physically present than when we do it through technology? How do we relate to images about ourselves and how does the publication of those same images affect us? The body as a stage and as content of communication. This research addresses these two questions in three ways. Firstly, the elaboration of a theoretical framework that deals with the body as a polyhedral reality from the philosophical, sociological and ethical analysis, the body-technology connections and an alternative way of understanding virtuality. Secondly, young people’s answers, aged 17-24 years, to these two questions formulated in an open way and without any previous slogan. Thirdly, the Hall-Tonna axiological model. This model consists of a theoretical proposal, based on 125 values, that reflects a holistic view of the human and organizational development. Besides, it can be considered an interpretative proposal that allows the analysis of the participants’ responses. The article advances some of the results obtained in the research. Keywords:Physical Presence; Image; Technology; Content Analysis.

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