Reactions to Juvenile Delinquency in Israel, 1950–1970: A Social Narrative

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi Ajzenstadt
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Social Narrative

This article follows the ways through which the concept of juvenile delinquency has been created in the legal and social discourse in Israel. It compares the discourse and resulting social policies regarding juvenile delinquency mainly in two social groups: “middle-class” offenders (youth from high socioeconomic families who immigrated to Israel before 1948); and “lower class” offenders (Middle Eastern “Oriental” youth from low socioeconomic families who came mainly during the 1950s from Asia Minor and North Africa). Societal reactions to juvenile delinquency during the period studied were highly variable, depending on the ethnicity, gender, and social class of the offender.

Who is Rational?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Ben Prestel
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Urban Change ◽  
Social Formation ◽  
Court Records ◽  
Local Newspapers ◽  
Dynamic Transformation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Recent Emergence

Beginning around 1860, authors in the Egyptian capital portrayed Cairo’s changing cityscape and the recent emergence of local newspapers in terms of their impact on rationality (‘aql). In their descriptions, these contemporaries depicted rationality as an education of the heart that especially enabled men from the middle class to control their bodies and passions. The chapter shows that Cairo’s transformation was, however, not always associated with rising rationality by drawing on a different set of sources. Police and court records from the 1860s and 1870s demonstrate that contemporaries also described processes of urban change as a danger to the “honor” of lower-class women. Like the debates in Berlin, emotional practices in Cairo thus served as a way to address the social formation of the Egyptian capital during a time of dynamic transformation.

Social Class and Ethnicity Effects on Clinical Judgments

1978 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph D. Norman ◽  
Ricardo Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Treatment Recommendations ◽  
Clinical Judgments ◽  
Involuntary Hospitalization ◽  
Professional Help ◽  
Class Bias ◽  
Psychotic Behavior

To resolve conflict between earlier studies finding contradictory recommendations on need for professional help of middle- vs lower-class persons given normal, neurotic, and psychotic behavior descriptions, and to explore ethnicity effects, 92 students (70 Anglo, 22 Chicano) rated fictitious biographical vignettes. A pro-middle-class bias was found consistent with Routh and King's study but inconsistent with that by Schofield and Oakes. Also contrary to the latter, treatment recommendations agreed with ratings. Ethnicity bias appeared, since Anglos recommended Chicanos more often for involuntary hospitalization. Inconsistency between the two earlier studies results from a methodological variation, discussed in this study.

Assessing the bank profitability in the MENA region

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rim Ben Selma Mokni ◽  
Houssem Rachdi
Keyword(s):  
Method Of Moments ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Bank Profitability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conventional Banks ◽  
Econometric Technique

Purpose – Which of the banking stream is relatively more profitable in Middle Eastern and North Africa (MENA) region? Design/methodology/approach – The empirical study covers a sample of 15 conventional and 15 Islamic banks for the period 2002-2009.The authors estimate models using the generalized method of moments in system, of Blundell and Bond (1998). They exploit an up-to-date econometric technique which takes into consideration the issue of endogeneity of regressors to evaluate the comparative profitability of Islamic and conventional banks in the MENA region. Findings – Empirical analysis results show that the determinants’ significance varies between Islamic and conventional banks. Profitability seems to be quite persistent in the MENA region reflecting a higher degree of government intervention and may signal barriers to competition. Originality/value – The main interest is to develop a comprehensive model that integrates macroeconomic, industry-specific and bank-specific determinants. The paper makes comparison of the performance between two different banking systems in the MENA region. The authors consider a variable crisis to gain additional insights into the impacts of the financial crisis on MENA banking sector.

Sex-Role Preference and Parental Imitation within Groups of Middle-Class Whites and Lower-Class Blacks

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 651-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Black Children ◽  
Black Girls ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Black Boys ◽  
White Children ◽  
White Girls ◽  
Role Preference

32 second-grade children were assessed on measures of sex-role preference and parental imitation. The middle-class white boys were more masculine in preference than the middle-class white girls were feminine ( t = 3.43, p < .01), and lower-class black girls tended to be more mother imitative than the lower-class black boys were father imitative ( r = 2.09, p < .06). No such differences were found in sex-role preference for blacks or in imitation for whites. The results indicated that there was a dominant masculine influence in the development of sex-role preference among middle-class white children and a dominant feminine influence in parental imitation among lower-class black children.

Status Level of Occupations Chosen and Rejected by Middle and Lower Class Boys and Girls

1965 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward T. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Occupational Choices ◽  
Status Level

The hypothesis that children's occupational choices are superior in status to the occupations they reject was supported by the occupational choices and rejections of 60 middle class boys and 49 girls and 108 lower class boys, but not by those of the 107 lower class girls.

Lectotypification of names related to Teucrium montanum L. (Lamiaceae) reported for the Balkan peninsula

Phytotaxa ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 530 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-204
Author(s):  
MILOŠ ZBILJIĆ ◽  
DMITAR LAKUŠIĆ ◽  
IVANA STEVANOSKI ◽  
NEVENA KUZMANOVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Asia Minor

Teucrium montanum is a species widely distributed in Europe, occurring also in North Africa and Asia Minor. Because of its wide distribution and high morphological variability, many taxa related to T. montanum have been described. In this paper we discuss and lectotypify the following six names of taxa described or reported for the Balkan Peninsula: T. helianthemoides, T. montanum var. hirsutum, T. montanum var. modestum, T. montanum var. parnassicum, T. pannonicum, and T. skorpilii.

Regional Identities and Cultures of Medieval Jews

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Rich Variety ◽  
Regional Cultures ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Middle Ages

Though the existence of Jewish regional cultures is widely known, the origins of the most prominent groups, Ashkenaz and Sepharad, are poorly understood, and the rich variety of other regional Jewish identities is often overlooked. Yet all these subcultures emerged in the Middle Ages. Scholars contributing to the present study were invited to consider how such regional identities were fashioned, propagated, reinforced, contested, and reshaped — and to reflect on the developments, events, or encounters that made these identities manifest. They were asked to identify how subcultural identities proved to be useful, and the circumstances in which they were deployed. The resulting volume spans the ninth to sixteenth centuries, and explores Jewish cultural developments in western Europe, the Balkans, North Africa, and Asia Minor. In its own way, each chapter considers factors — demographic, geographical, historical, economic, political, institutional, legal, intellectual, theological, cultural, and even biological — that led medieval Jews to conceive of themselves, or to be perceived by others, as bearers of a discrete Jewish regional identity. Notwithstanding the singularity of each chapter, they collectively attest to the inherent dynamism of Jewish regional identities.

Social-Class Bias in Clinical Judgment and Recommendation for Treatment Using the Biographical Vignette Technique

1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon J. Schofield ◽  
James D. Oakes
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Class Bias ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychotic Behavior

An autobiographical vignette technique was used with 14 mental hospital attendants and 14 college students rating the severity of emotional problems and recommending various forms of treatment for fictitious individuals. A social-class bias was observed; the lower-class individuals were seen as having a greater need for help than the middle-class individuals, particularly when both were given descriptions of psychotic behavior. However, the recommendation of treatment was not affected by the social class of the individuals. The results are not consistent with those of a recent study by Routh and King which showed middle-class individuals were rated as having a greater need for help than lower-class individuals using a similar vignette technique.

Sex Differences in Rotary Pursuit Performance of Young Children: A Follow-up

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1199-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Davol ◽  
Susan L. Breakell
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Rotary Pursuit

A 30-rpm or a 45-rpm rotary pursuit task was given to 72 boys and 72 girls from Grades 1 to 5 of a lower-class and a middle-class school; each S was given 5 125-sec. trials with a 1-min. rest period between trials. Analyses of time-on-target showed a different pattern of results for each school. No significant sex differences were found except through interaction with sex of E. Level of performance was determined primarily by speed of rotation and grade level of S, but there was a lag in performance of Ss from the first two grades of the lower-class school.

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