“Being There”: Fact-Finding and Policymaking: The Rockefeller Foundation's Division of Medical Education and the “Russian Matter,” 1925–1927

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Gross Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Organizational Dynamics ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Being There ◽  
Fact Finding

The last quarter century has witnessed a rising tide of skepticism among scholars about the link between information-gathering and policymaking. Drawing on several decades of research and rethinking, students of organizational behavior concluded that organizations collect information for reasons that have more to do with organizational dynamics than with the making of choice. Students of public policy found high-stakes policy controversies deeply resistant to recourse to “the facts.”

Populism, Politics, and Public Policy: 1970s Conservatism

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-98
Author(s):  
J. David Hoeveler
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The People

A quarter century and more has passed since the 1970s made its debut. History, always problematic as an objective undertaking, encourages present-mindedness when proximity to events in question governs our perspectives. This article does not pretend to have avoided this pitfall. Today the animus against government dominates political discourse. “Outsiders” who aspire to office boast of that status; “insiders” obscure theirs. All politicians design to show their commonness, their oneness with the people, the beleaguered people, victims of the socially privileged, of haughty bureaucrats, and the sundry occult forces that sustain their misery. Ours, it has been observed, has become a dominantly “populist” culture, its anti-elitism resounding from local Serb Halls in Milwaukee and elsewhere to the very chambers of the Capitol itself.

scholarly journals IS PATIENT SAFETY AT THE HEART OF MEDICAL EDUCATION IN INDONESIA? REFLECTION ON THE IMPACT OF THE NATIONAL EXAMINATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Rachmadya Nur Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Background: National examinations in Indonesia (UKMPPD) has been implemented since 2007 as a quality assurance method for medical graduates and medical schools. The impact of UKMPPD has been studied since then, where one of the consequences were related to how it affected medical education and curricula. This study explored the consequences of UKMPPD, focusing on how the students, teachers, and medical schools’ leaders relate the examination with patient care. This study aimed to explore the impact of UKMPPD on medical education, which focusing on the issue of patient safety. Methods: This study was part of a doctoral project, using a qualitative method with a modified grounded theory approach. The perspectives of multiple stakeholders on the impact of the UKMPPD were explored using interview and focus groups. Interviews were conducted with medical schools’ representatives (vice deans/ programme directors), while focus groups were conducted with teachers and students. A sampling framework was used by considering the characteristics of Indonesian medical schools based on region, accreditation status, and ownership (public/ private). Data was analysed using open coding and thematic framework as part of the iterative process. Results: The UKMPPD affected how the stakeholders viewed this high-stakes examination and the education delivered in their medical schools. One of the consequences revealed how stakeholders viewed the UKMPPD and its impact on patient care. Participants viewed the UKMPPD as a method of preparation for graduates’ real clinical practice. The lack of reference for patient safety as the impact of the UKMPPD in this study showed that there were missing links in how stakeholders perceived the examination as part of quality assurance in health care. Conclusion: The UKMPPD as a high-stakes examination has a powerful impact in changing educational policy and programmes in Indonesia. However, in Indonesia, the examination brought in the reflection on how the “patient” element was lacking from medical education. This research offers an insight on the concept of patient safety in Indonesia and how the stakeholders could approach the issue. Keywords: UKMPPD, national licensing examination, impact, competence, patient safety, curriculum 

scholarly journals The Lesson from the Modern American Federalism: A Challenge to Effective Public Policy Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geiguen Shin
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
Federal System ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Policy Performance ◽  
The Past ◽  
State And Local ◽  
American Federalism

Abstract Contemporary U.S. federalism particularly since the late1960s has evolved over the course of pluralism alternating exercisable governmental powers between the federal and state governments. The complexity of the power relationship has been observed in a variety of policies during the past quarter-century as has the discussion of whether or not contemporary U.S. federalism has developed in a way that increase effective public policy performance. Focusing mainly on the period of the past 50 years of U.S. federalism history, this article suggests that federalism dynamics have not exercised either constant liberal or conservative influence on public policy performance. Instead, this article suggests that the clear functional responsibility between the federal government and state and local governments have characterized contemporary U.S. federalism-more federal responsibility for redistribution and more state and local responsibility for development, which in turn increased public policy performance. This feature has been quite substantial since 1970s. As a result, this article suggests that despite the increased complexity of the U.S. federal system, it has evolved in such an appropriate way that would increase the efficiency of federal system by dividing a clear intergovernmental responsibility on major policy platforms.

The Economy and the Environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 277-300
Author(s):  
Tirthankar Roy
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Economic Change ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Speed Up

The natural environment shapes long-term economic change via the quality or quantity of resources of potential economic value, climatic conditions that shape moisture or seasonal variations in agricultural conditions, and via the risk of natural disasters. These geographical conditions are lasting. They become active drivers of economic change when private enterprise and public policy become interested in the resources and try to mitigate the risks, and knowledge and information-gathering on these conditions for scientific or commercial purposes start to speed up. In colonial times, all of these processes speeded up greatly. Chapter 11 is about that change.

scholarly journals Driving lesson or driving test?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. P. Brand ◽  
A. Debbie C. Jaarsma ◽  
Cees P. M. van der Vleuten
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Clinical Supervisors ◽  
Effective Feedback ◽  
Crucial Difference ◽  
Feedback Culture ◽  
Assessment Of Competence ◽  
Practice Assessment ◽  
Development Assessment

Abstract Although there is consensus in the medical education world that feedback is an important and effective tool to support experiential workplace-based learning, learners tend to avoid the feedback associated with direct observation because they perceive it as a high-stakes evaluation with significant consequences for their future. The perceived dominance of the summative assessment paradigm throughout medical education reduces learners’ willingness to seek feedback, and encourages supervisors to mix up feedback with provision of ‘objective’ grades or pass/fail marks. This eye-opener article argues that the provision and reception of effective feedback by clinical supervisors and their learners is dependent on both parties’ awareness of the important distinction between feedback used in coaching towards growth and development (assessment for learning) and reaching a high-stakes judgement on the learner’s competence and fitness for practice (assessment of learning). Using driving lessons and the driving test as a metaphor for feedback and assessment helps supervisors and learners to understand this crucial difference and to act upon it. It is the supervisor’s responsibility to ensure that supervisor and learner achieve a clear mutual understanding of the purpose of each interaction (i.e. feedback or assessment). To allow supervisors to use the driving lesson—driving test metaphor for this purpose in their interactions with learners, it should be included in faculty development initiatives, along with a discussion of the key importance of separating feedback from assessment, to promote a feedback culture of growth and support programmatic assessment of competence.

The influence of operational excellence on the culture and agility of organizations: evidence from industry

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
André M. Carvalho ◽  
Paulo Sampaio ◽  
Eric Rebentisch ◽  
João Álvaro Carvalho ◽  
Pedro Saraiva
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Organizational Dynamics ◽  
Organizational Agility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Environments ◽  
Cultural Paradigm ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Right ◽  
Operational Excellence

PurposeThis article offers a novel approach that brings together management, engineering and organizational behavior. It focuses on the understanding of organizational dynamics in an era of technological change, upholding the importance of organizational agility and of the cultural paradigm in the management of organizations.Design/methodology/approachIn this work, the authors present the conclusions from a set of studies carried out in organizations operating in technical and technological industries. The authors assessed the capabilities of these organizations in terms of operational excellence maturity and its impact on the organizational culture and organizational agility.FindingsResults show the importance of operational excellence either in developing or expanding organizational agility capabilities while reinforcing the cruciality of an excellence-oriented culture to sustain these efforts over time.Originality/valueIncreasingly unstable business environments have led to a growing interest in how to develop and maintain operational excellence in the face of continued and disruptive change. However, this interest has, so far, been advanced with little empirical evidence to support the corresponding predictions. This work offers the first practical evidence that continued focus and optimization of operations, with the right cultural alignment, helps organizations survive and thrive in increasingly volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous environments.

scholarly journals Peddling Pedagogies: The Winners and Losers of a Standardized Testing Economy

2014 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 153-155
Author(s):  
Lucy Arnold Steele
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
English Language Learners ◽  
Standardized Testing ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Urban Students ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Teacher Roles ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
The Impact

This review compares the ethnographic research of Jessica Zacher Pandya’s Overtested: How High-Stakes Accountability Fails English Language Learners with the programmatic prescriptions of Yvette Jackson’s Pedagogy of Confidence. Both texts are concerned with the impact of standardized testing on urban students, but the focus of each book is quite different in terms of public policy on education and the way teacher roles are construed.

scholarly journals Internet and hiv/aids: a virtual ethnography on Facebook

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo de Oliveira Neto ◽  
Kenneth Rochel de Camargo Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
The Internet ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Virtual Ethnography ◽  
Education Needs ◽  
Living With Hiv

This paper identified and analyzed some interactions on the internet in the daily of people living with HIV and AIDS (PLHA) in Brazil. As methods we made interviews with PLHA analyzed by content analysis and a virtual ethnography of a secret group of PLHA on Facebook. These are the following results: sociability produced in the internet helps to reduce suffering in relation to prejudice; there are not many welcoming zones for PLHA on the internet; PLHA linked to social networks have more encouragement to not give up the medication; negotiations about medication and symptoms take place in social networks. We conclude that there is a need to have welcoming zones to PLHA on the internet guaranteed by public policy; medical education needs to cover issues related to the internet and health.

Sport entrepreneurship and public policy: future trends and research developments

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ratten
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Policy Entrepreneurship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sport Policy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Policy Debates ◽  
New Perspective

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to overcome the traditional general approach to sport policy by taking an entrepreneurial perspective. This helps link the fragmented literatures of entrepreneurship, public policy and sport entrepreneurship in order to develop a new perspective of sport entrepreneurship and public policy. Design/methodology/approach A literature review is conducted that highlights the need for public policy to focus on entrepreneurship in sports contexts. Findings In the past, sport policy focused more on governance and political elements but these can be embedded into a policy entrepreneurship perspective regarding sport. This helps to redefine and bridge the literature on sport entrepreneurship and public policy. Originality/value Most sport policy research has tended to take a more organizational behavior or political science approach. Thus, this paper takes a new perspective by incorporating the nascent sport entrepreneurship literature into public policy debates. This is helpful to public policy planners but also sports managers who need to work together to build better policy initiatives.

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